{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T23:12:24Z","timestamp":1775776344046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childbirth is often portrayed as a positive and empowering experience, yet for many women, it can result in negative emotional outcomes, which may contribute to the development of postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Understanding the association between perceived abuse during childbirth and PTSD is crucial for improving maternal care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research shows that disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth is linked to psychological distress and PTSD. However, the correlation between perceived abuse and PTSD in postpartum women remains underexplored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the association between the woman's perception of abuse during childbirth and the risk of developing PTSD postpartum, as well as to analyze related risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 2,912 women in Spain who gave birth in the last 18 months. The Childbirth Abuse and Respect Evaluation- Maternal Questionnaire (CARE-MQ) assessed perceived abuse, while the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) measured PTSD risk. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher CARE-MQ scores were positively correlated with PTSD risk, especially in the \u201cinadequate treatment by professionals\u201d dimension (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.56). Extreme perception of abuse (\u226595th percentile) increased the PTSD risk (aOR\u2009=\u200934.72). Additional risk factors included extremely premature birth, unrespected birth plans, complications, type of birth and emergency cesarean sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perceived mistreatment and inadequate professional care strongly correlate with PTSD risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addressing these factors\u2014along with other identified risks\u2014may help reduce PTSD prevalence and improve maternal care experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1568446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T05:27:32Z","timestamp":1747891652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relationship between the perception of disrespectful treatment and abuse during childbirth and the risk of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a PPQ-based 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