{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1792409929358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is estimated that 13% of adolescent girls globally give birth before the age of 18. Several studies have shown that pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, puerperal infections, preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal death are more common in adolescent mothers than in adult mothers. This study aimed to investigate whether adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes compared with pregnancies among women aged 20\u201335 years in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cohort study utilizing data extracted from the electronic health information system database. The study population comprised 11,189 women who gave birth in three governmental hospitals in the West Bank during the year 2022, of whom 762 (6.8%) were aged \u226419 years. Differences between the two age groups were analyzed using chi-square test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) for categorical variables and independent student test for continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to adjust for confounders and to examine the association between the adolescent age group and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most adolescent mothers were primiparous (82.2%) and had a singleton pregnancy (98.2%). Adolescent mothers were more likely to experience preterm birth (aOR 1.568, CI 95% 1.262\u20131.949,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and low birth weight (aOR 1.657, CI 1.327\u20132.068,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Low Apgar score at first minute was demonstrated among primiparous adolescents (aOR 1.774, CI 1.149\u20132.737,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). While adolescent primiparous mothers were less likely to deliver by cesarean section compared to older mothers (aOR 0.270, CI 0.212\u20130.342,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00), fetal malpresentation as an indication for cesarean section was higher among adolescents (aOR 2.150, CI 1.329\u20133.479,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). No significant differences were observed between the two age groups in terms of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, antepartum or postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, induction of labor, instrumental delivery, five-minute Apgar score, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal malformation, or stillbirth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent pregnancies should be classified as high-risk given their association with multiple adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. These findings underscore the need for policymakers to strengthen preventive strategies and to ensure strict enforcement of the child marriage prohibition law.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1732760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:41:21Z","timestamp":1767940881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes among Palestinian adolescent mothers in the West Bank: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eman Bellah","family":"Khamaysa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadil","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2023"},{"key":"B2","year":"2023"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01251-y","article-title":"Trends in adolescent first births in sub-saharan Africa: a tale of increasing inequity?","volume":"19","author":"Neal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.09.015","article-title":"The state of adolescent sexual and reproductive health","volume":"65","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082015RW3127","article-title":"Complications in adolescent pregnancy: systematic review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Azevedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2021.03.003","article-title":"Prevalence of low birth weight, premature birth, and stillbirth among pregnant adolescents in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"DeMarco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12630","article-title":"Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a world health organization multicountry study","volume":"121","author":"Ganchimeg","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204327","article-title":"Complications associated with adolescent childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gr\u00f8nvik","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102093","article-title":"The impact of adolescent pregnancy on maternal and infant health in Turkey: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Kara\u00e7am","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1120-8","article-title":"The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0195731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195731","article-title":"The impact of young maternal age at birth on neonatal mortality: evidence from 45 low and middle income countries","volume":"13","author":"Neal","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119500","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1119500","article-title":"Adolescent pregnancy: an important issue for paediatricians and primary care providers\u2014a position paper from the European academy of paediatrics","volume":"11","author":"Vieira Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-12-S2-S8","article-title":"Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: the global network\u2019s maternal newborn health registry study","volume":"12","author":"Althabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003225","article-title":"Is teenage pregnancy an obstetric risk in a welfare society? 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