{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:08:15Z","timestamp":1784268495601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with gender dysphoria represent a growing portion of the global population. Yet data about this community is lacking in Lebanon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to characterize the health status of the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) Lebanese adults by addressing challenges and disparities in access to basic needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous online survey was conducted between January and May 2021 across the Non Governmental Organization (NGO) supporting TGD individuals in Lebanon. The study consisted of self-reported health assessments collecting data on medical and mental disorders, social stigma and discrimination, gender-affirming therapies, and barriers to proper healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among forty-eight participants, 75% were assigned as male sex at birth (AMAB), and 25% as female (AFAB). Median age was 30 years. Approximately half (58.3%) of the cohort was unemployed despite 81.2% having completed high school or a university degree. Non-medical gender affirmation was observed in 79.2%. Gender-affirming hormone therapy was used in 52.8% of AMAB and in 58.3% of AFAB gender-affirming surgical procedures were done in 30.5% of AMAB and in 50% of AFAB. TGD individuals tested positive for HIV in 14.6% of the cases. The use of illicit drugs was reported in 35.4%. Mental health problems were found in 83.3% of AMAB and 91.7% of AFAB. They claimed being victims of assault in 83.3%, and faced discrimination in 87.5%. Barriers to access to medical care were observed in 75%, mainly due to financial limitations (47.2%) and lack of medical expertise in 10.4%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Lebanon, TGD individuals still struggle for basic services due to rigid sociocultural norms and the ongoing economic crisis. There is an urgent need to adopt health policies and train healthcare providers in order to provide a safe and appropriate gender affirmation to these individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2026.1828265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:44:24Z","timestamp":1784267064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics of the transgender community in Lebanon and barriers to proper healthcare"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Diala","family":"Harkous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology at Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University","place":["Beirut, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Boulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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