{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T05:42:04Z","timestamp":1772948524583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T03:18:51Z","timestamp":1475119131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Natural Mosquito-Pathogen Hybrid IgG4 Antibodies in Vector-Borne Diseases: A Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Berlin","family":"Londono-Renteria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny C.","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Troupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya M.","family":"Colpitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1086\/319235","article-title":"Infectious diseases: considerations for the 21st century","volume":"32","author":"Fauci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000255","article-title":"Immunity against HIV\/Aids, malaria, and tuberculosis during co-infections with neglected infectious diseases: recommendations for the European Union research priorities","volume":"2","author":"Boraschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0403.980326","article-title":"Resurgent vector-borne diseases as a global health problem","volume":"4","author":"Gubler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-142","article-title":"Is dengue and malaria co-infection more severe than single infections? A retrospective matched-pair study in French Guiana","volume":"11","author":"Epelboin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-3-1","article-title":"Control of malaria and other vector-borne protozoan diseases in the tropics: enduring challenges despite considerable progress and achievements","volume":"3","author":"Zofou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.45.1.371","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease","volume":"45","author":"Hemingway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003197","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of insect vector saliva on host immune responses and infection of vector-transmitted pathogens: a focus on leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Ockenfels","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024365","article-title":"Dengue virus capsid protein binds core histones and inhibits nucleosome formation in human liver cells","volume":"6","author":"Colpitts","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02235-13","article-title":"Mosquito saliva serine protease enhances dissemination of dengue virus into the mammalian host","volume":"88","author":"Conway","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.665","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of maxadilan, the vasodilator peptide from sand fly salivary gland extracts","volume":"54","author":"Qureshi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201190075","article-title":"Immunological consequences of arthropod vector-derived salivary factors","volume":"41","author":"Leitner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"4\u2013465","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.06.023","article-title":"Role of skin immune cells on the host susceptibility to mosquito-borne viruses","volume":"46","author":"Briant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.01.024","article-title":"The enhancement of arbovirus transmission and disease by mosquito saliva is associated with modulation of the host immune response","volume":"102","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000084","article-title":"Enhanced Leishmania braziliensis infection following pre-exposure to sandfly saliva","volume":"1","author":"de Moura","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1603\/ME09240","article-title":"Antibody response against Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) salivary protein as a measure of mosquito bite exposure in Haiti","volume":"47","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2011.01339.x","article-title":"Association of human immune response to Aedes aegypti salivary proteins with dengue disease severity","volume":"34","author":"Machain-Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.108.1.1","article-title":"Role of mosquito saliva in blood vessel location","volume":"108","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12661","article-title":"The innate and adaptive response to mosquito saliva and Plasmodium sporozoites in the skin","volume":"1342","author":"Hopp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-329","article-title":"Effects of Aedes aegypti salivary components on dendritic cell and lymphocyte biology","volume":"6","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06414-11","article-title":"Impact of mosquito bites on asexual parasite density and gametocyte prevalence in asymptomatic chronic Plasmodium falciparum infections and correlation with IgE and IgG titers","volume":"80","author":"Lawaly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01096.x","article-title":"SAAG-4 is a novel mosquito salivary protein that programmes host CD4 T cells to express IL-4","volume":"31","author":"Boppana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70066-4","article-title":"Detection of mosquito saliva-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies by immunoblotting","volume":"93","author":"Brummer-Korvenkontio","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03207.x","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G4: an odd antibody","volume":"39","author":"Aalberse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human IgG antibody response against recombinant Ae. aegypti salivary proteins modified during DENV2 infection","volume":"91","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081211","article-title":"Use of anti-Aedes aegypti salivary extract antibody concentration to correlate risk of vector exposure and dengue transmission risk in Colombia","volume":"8","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1159\/000236693","article-title":"Frequent occurrence of IgE and IgG4 antibodies against saliva of Aedes communis and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in children","volume":"104","author":"Reunala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096130","article-title":"IgG1 and IgG4 antibody responses to the Anopheles gambiae salivary protein gSG6 in the sympatric ethnic groups Mossi and Fulani in a malaria hyperhendemic area of Burkina Faso","volume":"9","author":"Rizzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1159\/000237696","article-title":"Seasonal increase in human IgE and IgG4 antisaliva antibodies to Aedes mosquito bites","volume":"114","author":"Palosuo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.07.011","article-title":"IgE and IgG4 antibody responses to Aedes saliva in African children","volume":"104","author":"Remoue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"415","article-title":"Inhibition of complement activation by IgG4 antibodies","volume":"64","author":"van der Zee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-179754","article-title":"Specificity and affinity of human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for human IgG subclasses","volume":"113","author":"Bruhns","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220816","article-title":"Strong serum inhibition of specific IgE correlated to competing IgG4, revealed by a new methodology in subjects from a S. mansoni endemic area","volume":"22","author":"Rihet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-4-3-106","article-title":"Nature of regulatory T cells in the context of allergic disease","volume":"4","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00666.x","article-title":"Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs: a quest in the past and future","volume":"224","author":"Daeron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0600-2","article-title":"Potential mechanisms for IgG4 inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"16","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06925","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06925","article-title":"The activation of IgM- or isotype-switched IgG- and IgE-BCR exhibits distinct mechanical force sensitivity and threshold","volume":"4","author":"Wan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02386.x","article-title":"The riddle of the dual expression of IgM and IgD","volume":"118","author":"Geisberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3730","article-title":"Interleukin 13 induces interleukin 4-independent IgG4 and IgE synthesis and CD23 expression by human B cells","volume":"90","author":"Punnonen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230132","article-title":"Optimization of primers for cloning libraries of mouse immunoglobulin genes using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"23","author":"Kettleborough","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.02.001","article-title":"Different regulatory mechanisms in protozoan parasitic infections","volume":"43","author":"Kling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-8","article-title":"IL-4 contributes to failure, and colludes with IL-10 to exacerbate Leishmania donovani infection following administration of a subcutaneous leishmanial antigen vaccine","volume":"14","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.014","article-title":"IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses","volume":"131","author":"van de Veen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00845.x","article-title":"Normal human immunoglobulin G4 is bispecific: it has two different antigen-combining sites","volume":"97","author":"Schuurman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00255","article-title":"Is arthropod saliva the achilles\u2019 heel of vector-borne diseases?","volume":"4","author":"Leitner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.10.039","article-title":"Structural determinants of unique properties of human IgG4-Fc","volume":"426","author":"Davies","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.10.029","article-title":"Crystal structure of the human IgG4 C(H)3 dimer reveals the role of Arg409 in the mechanism of Fab-arm exchange","volume":"54","author":"Davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.06.012","article-title":"Fc-Fc interactions of human IgG4 require dissociation of heavy chains and are formed predominantly by the intra-chain hinge isomer","volume":"53","author":"Rispens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804338","article-title":"Human IgG4 binds to IgG4 and conformationally altered IgG1 via Fc-Fc interactions","volume":"182","author":"Rispens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"MDNA3","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0037-2014","article-title":"Related mechanisms of antibody somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination","volume":"3","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"519","article-title":"Medical and technical usefulness of measurement of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains in serum with an M-component","volume":"27","author":"Lievens","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12265","article-title":"Estimation of polyclonal IgG4 hybrids in normal human serum","volume":"142","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"12","article-title":"Symmetry breaking: bispecific antibodies, the beginnings, and 50 years on","volume":"12","author":"Riethmuller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Immun"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016527","article-title":"Identification of natural bispecific antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and immunoglobulin G in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1602","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4108","article-title":"A new type of natural bispecific antibody with potential protective effect in Hashimoto thyroiditis","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.02.008","article-title":"Bispecific antibodies","volume":"20","author":"Kontermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.06.014","article-title":"Analysis and purification of IgG4 bispecific antibodies by a mixed-mode chromatography","volume":"484","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06652.x","article-title":"Chronic falciparum malaria causing massive splenomegaly 9 years after leaving an endemic area","volume":"182","author":"Howden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04266.x","article-title":"Chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, a great mimicker with various clinical presentations: 12 years experience from Aleppo","volume":"26","author":"Douba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B59","first-page":"210","article-title":"Management of chronic manifestations of filariasis","volume":"84","author":"Dandapat","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01133.x","article-title":"Filariasis and lymphoedema","volume":"31","author":"Pfarr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.5.1859","article-title":"IgE responses in human filariasis. IV. Parallel antigen recognition by IgE and IgG4 subclass antibodies","volume":"136","author":"Hussain","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5346","article-title":"Filarial hydrocele: a neglected condition of a neglected tropical disease","volume":"9","author":"Otabil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20120146","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0146","article-title":"Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine","volume":"368","author":"Biswas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6","article-title":"Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"373","author":"Hotez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv104","article-title":"Prospects, drawbacks and future needs of xenomonitoring for the endpoint evaluation of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs in Africa","volume":"110","author":"Okorie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.4.2707","article-title":"Prominence of IgG4 in the IgG antibody response to human filariasis","volume":"134","author":"Ottesen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12786389891407","article-title":"Induction of immunoglobulin G4 in human filariasis: an indicator of immunoregulation","volume":"104","author":"Adjobimey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation by filarial nematodes","volume":"27","author":"Hoerauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.245","article-title":"Expression of filarial-specific IgG subclasses under different transmission intensities in a region endemic for loiasis","volume":"66","author":"Akue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00172.x","article-title":"Serum antibody responses to Wolbachia surface protein in patients with human lymphatic filariasis","volume":"53","author":"Shiny","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.9.3941","article-title":"Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis","volume":"150","author":"Kurniawan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1912-0","article-title":"Immunohistology of ectopic secondary lymph follicles in subcutaneous nodules from patients with hyperreactive onchocerciasis (sowda)","volume":"107","author":"Brattig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00230-0","article-title":"The path to eradication: a progress report on the malaria-eliminating countries","volume":"387","author":"Newby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0007","article-title":"Antimalarial drug resistance: literature review and activities and findings of the ICEMR network","volume":"93","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00103","article-title":"New concepts in malaria pathogenesis: the role of the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw001","article-title":"Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and vaccines against malaria","volume":"40","author":"Beeson","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0841","article-title":"Investigating the pathogenesis of severe malaria: a multidisciplinary and cross-geographical approach","volume":"93","author":"Wassmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00075","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: new diagnostic tools, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"5","author":"Sahu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B79","volume-title":"World Malaria Report","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-08","article-title":"Acquired immunity to malaria","volume":"22","author":"Doolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.11.015","article-title":"Malaria parasites in the asymptomatic: looking for the hay in the haystack","volume":"32","author":"Galatas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.f.205","article-title":"Immunity to malaria: more questions than answers","volume":"9","author":"Langhorne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.02.004","article-title":"The role of submicroscopic parasitemia in malaria transmission: what is the evidence?","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.45","article-title":"The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission","volume":"11","author":"Lindblade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002729","article-title":"The dynamics of naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum infection","volume":"8","author":"Pinkevych","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02486","article-title":"Transient cross-reactive immune responses can orchestrate antigenic variation in malaria","volume":"429","author":"Recker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70410-8","article-title":"Problem pathogens: prevention of malaria in travellers","volume":"6","author":"Franco-Paredes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8119","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8119-8129.2005","article-title":"Epitope-specific regulation of immunoglobulin class switching in mice immunized with malarial merozoite surface proteins","volume":"73","author":"Tongren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.4.1473-1481.1992","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum malaria: evidence for an isotype imbalance which may be responsible for delayed acquisition of protective immunity","volume":"60","author":"Bouharoun-Tayoun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.04.006","article-title":"The Anopheles gambiae salivary protein gSG6: an anopheline-specific protein with a blood-feeding role","volume":"39","author":"Lombardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1160-3","article-title":"An. gambiae gSG6-P1 evaluation as a proxy for human-vector contact in the Americas: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Londono-Renteria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-198","article-title":"Human IgG response to a salivary peptide, gSG6-P1, as a new immuno-epidemiological tool for evaluating low-level exposure to Anopheles bites","volume":"8","author":"Poinsignon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0549-8","article-title":"Differential antibody response to the Anopheles gambiae gSG6 and cE5 salivary proteins in individuals naturally exposed to bites of malaria vectors","volume":"7","author":"Rizzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.05.006","article-title":"Differential acquisition of human antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum according to intensity of exposure to Anopheles bites","volume":"106","author":"Sarr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S44267","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"Ready","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","article-title":"Biology of phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of disease agents","volume":"58","author":"Ready","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03603.x","article-title":"Differing antibody IgG isotypes in the polar forms of leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by antigen-specific T cell anergy","volume":"100","author":"Ulrich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.45.281","article-title":"Correlation between histopathology, immune response, clinical presentation, and evolution in Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"45","author":"Gutierrez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B99","first-page":"58","article-title":"Polyclonal B cell activation, circulating immune complexes and autoimmunity in human american visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Galvao-Castro","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.42.2.702-707.1983","article-title":"Cell-mediated immune response in Indian kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"42","author":"Haldar","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01036.x","article-title":"Elevated levels of IgG3 and IgG4 subclass in paediatric cases of kala azar","volume":"30","author":"Ansari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1086\/320994","article-title":"Distinct immunity in patients with visceral leishmaniasis from that in subclinically infected and drug-cured people: implications for the mechanism underlying drug cure","volume":"184","author":"Hailu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(2000)14:15::AID-JCLA23.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Detection of specific antibody isotypes and subtypes before and after treatment of American visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"14","author":"da Matta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.7.3501","article-title":"Sand fly vector saliva selectively modulates macrophage functions that inhibit killing of Leishmania major and nitric oxide production","volume":"155","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001345","article-title":"Human cellular immune response to the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi is mediated by IL-10-producing CD8+ T cells and Th1-polarized CD4+ lymphocytes","volume":"5","author":"Abdeladhim","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00634.x","article-title":"Salivary gland material from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis has an inhibitory effect on macrophage function in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Theodos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1941","article-title":"Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis","volume":"188","author":"Belkaid","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002781","article-title":"Characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted Leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites","volume":"8","author":"Teixeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5495.1351","article-title":"Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis resulting from bites of uninfected sand flies","volume":"290","author":"Kamhawi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001169","article-title":"Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva or salivary protein LJM19 protects against Leishmania braziliensis and the saliva of its vector, Lutzomyia intermedia","volume":"5","author":"Tavares","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5226","article-title":"Sandfly maxadilan exacerbates infection with Leishmania major and vaccinating against it protects against L. major infection","volume":"167","author":"Morris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00807.x","article-title":"The immunomodulatory factors of arthropod saliva and the potential for these factors to serve as vaccine targets to prevent pathogen transmission","volume":"28","author":"Titus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200400681X","article-title":"Detection of species-specific antibody response of humans and mice bitten by sand flies","volume":"130","author":"Rohousova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0130","article-title":"Profiling of human acquired immunity against the salivary proteins of Phlebotomus papatasi reveals clusters of differential immunoreactivity","volume":"90","author":"Geraci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000712","article-title":"Immunity to Lutzomyia intermedia saliva modulates the inflammatory environment induced by Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"4","author":"de Moura","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002242","article-title":"Functional transcriptomics of wild-caught Lutzomyia intermedia salivary glands: identification of a protective salivary protein against Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"7","author":"de Moura","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv020","article-title":"Interleukin 10-dominant immune response and increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis after natural exposure to Lutzomyia intermedia sand flies","volume":"212","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.02.015","article-title":"Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: report of a case with massive involvement of nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa","volume":"35","author":"Di Lella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B120","volume-title":"Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1690","article-title":"Prospects for a dengue virus vaccine","volume":"5","author":"Whitehead","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950060311","article-title":"Dengue haemorrhagic fever: virus or host response?","volume":"6","author":"Pang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117579","article-title":"Symptoms of dengue fever in relation to host immunologic response and virus serotype, Puerto Rico, 1990-1991","volume":"142","author":"Cobra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B124","volume-title":"The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology: Workshop Summary","author":"Choffnes","year":"2011"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(89)90112-2","article-title":"Dot-ELISA for serodiagnosis of human infections due to Western equine encephalitis virus","volume":"26","author":"Boctor","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.102","article-title":"Epidemic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yugoslavia, 1986","volume":"41","author":"Gligic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.03.025","article-title":"Shake, rattle, and roll: impact of the dynamics of flavivirus particles on their interactions with the host","volume":"479-480C","author":"Kuhn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00647","article-title":"Dendritic cells in dengue virus infection: targets of virus replication and mediators of immunity","volume":"5","author":"Schmid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.11.023","article-title":"Innate immunity to dengue virus infection and subversion of antiviral responses","volume":"426","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3390\/v4030397","article-title":"Innate immunity evasion by Dengue virus","volume":"4","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0599-y","article-title":"Anopheles gambiae salivary protein expression modulated by wild Plasmodium falciparum infection: highlighting of new antigenic peptides as candidates of An. gambiae bites","volume":"7","author":"Marie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0412","article-title":"Effect of dengue-2 virus infection on protein expression in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"90","author":"Chisenhall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010879","article-title":"Production of native bispecific antibodies in rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1666","article-title":"Clinical significance of anti-desmoglein-1 and -3 circulating autoantibodies in pemphigus patients measured by area index and intensity score","volume":"94","author":"Patsatsi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep13070394","article-title":"Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem): II. Current and historic epidemiologic studies","volume":"92","author":"Diaz","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200842","article-title":"Cutting edge: Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus anti-desmoglein 1 autoantibodies cross-react with sand fly salivary LJM11 antigen","volume":"189","author":"Qian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0223","article-title":"IgG subclass profiles in infected HIV type 1 controllers and chronic progressors and in uninfected recipients of Env vaccines","volume":"26","author":"Banerjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1089\/088922203769232584","article-title":"Binding and neutralization activity of human IgG1 and IgG3 from serum of HIV-infected individuals","volume":"19","author":"Cavacini","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B139","first-page":"153","article-title":"Altered IgG-subclass distribution in lymph node cells and serum of adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","volume":"78","author":"Muller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220050140973","article-title":"Plasma and salivary IgG subclasses in HIV type 1 infection: evidence of both transudation and local synthesis of IgG in parotid saliva","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2004.07.001","article-title":"Analysis of IGG and IGG4 in HIV-1 seropositive patients and correlation with biological and genetic markers","volume":"59","author":"Abbas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200309007","article-title":"IgG subclass distribution in serum and various mucosal fluids of HIV type 1-infected subjects","volume":"16","author":"Raux","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"B143","first-page":"24","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin profiles in asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive adults and in patients with AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"71","author":"Lyamuya","year":"1994","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62629-4","article-title":"Low IgG3 and high IgG4 subclass levels in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection and elevated IgE levels","volume":"83","author":"de Martino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000206","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in IgG4-related lymphadenopathy with comparison with extranodal IgG4-related disease","volume":"38","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165-012-0695-9","article-title":"A case of Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphadenopathy mimicking the clinical features of IgG4-related disease","volume":"23","author":"Wada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-011-1186-7","article-title":"Primary IgG4-related lymphadenopathy with prominent granulomatous inflammation and reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"460","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-275","article-title":"High mosquito burden and malaria transmission in a district of the city of Douala, Cameroon","volume":"12","author":"Antonio-Nkondjio","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0684","article-title":"Human antibody response to Anopheles gambiae saliva: an immuno-epidemiological biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in malaria vector control","volume":"83","author":"Drame","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2010.08.002","article-title":"An insight into the sialome of blood-feeding Nematocera","volume":"40","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T08:17:16Z","timestamp":1692519436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00380\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]},"references-count":150,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]]}}}