{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:34:04Z","timestamp":1791304444033,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010\/50043-0, 2014\/00926-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010\/50043-0, 2014\/00926-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T03:31:09Z","timestamp":1482291069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Complement Evasion by Pathogenic Leptospira"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tatiana Rodrigues","family":"Fraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Silva","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Peru-United States Leptospirosis Consortium. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02505.x","article-title":"Leptospirosis: aspects of innate immunity, immunopathogenesis and immune evasion from the complement system","volume":"73","author":"Fraga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis","author":"Faine","year":"1999"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_2","article-title":"Systematics of leptospiraceae","volume-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"Levett","year":"2015"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.89.6.1625-1626.1965","article-title":"Antileptospiral activity of normal serum","volume":"89","author":"Johnson","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.08.009","article-title":"Applying complement therapeutics to rare diseases","volume":"161","author":"Reis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1923","article-title":"Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Ricklin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.10.014","article-title":"Membrane complement regulatory proteins","volume":"118","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.07.003","article-title":"Regulation of complement activation at the C3-level by serum resistant leptospires","volume":"39","author":"Meri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01310-08","article-title":"Immune evasion of Leptospira species by acquisition of human complement regulator C4BP","volume":"77","author":"Barbosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.05.222","article-title":"Human complement control and complemente evasion by pathogenic microbes \u2013 tipping the balance","volume":"56","author":"Zipfel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01326.x","article-title":"Ontogeny of complement regulatory proteins \u2013 concentrations of factor h, factor I, c4b-binding protein, properdin and vitronectin in healthy children of different ages and in adults","volume":"58","author":"de Paula","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.9.3268","article-title":"Control of the amplification convertase of complement by the plasma protein beta1H","volume":"73","author":"Weiler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.5.1147","article-title":"Modulation of the alternative complement pathways by beta 1 H globulin","volume":"144","author":"Whaley","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.1.257","article-title":"Human complement C3b inactivator: isolation, characterization, and demonstration of an absolute requirement for the serum protein beta1H for cleavage of C3b and C4b in solution","volume":"146","author":"Pangburn","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir875","article-title":"Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins interact with human complement regulators factor H, FHL-1, FHR-1, and C4BP","volume":"205","author":"Castiblanco-Valencia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300978","article-title":"Structural and functional studies of complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein","volume":"30","author":"Blom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"12","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6596","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.12.6596","article-title":"Modulation of the classical pathway C3 convertase by plasma proteins C4 binding protein and C3b inactivator","volume":"76","author":"Gigli","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.1.207","article-title":"Human C4-binding protein. I. Isolation and characterization","volume":"148","author":"Scharfstein","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02844-14","article-title":"Pathogenic Leptospira species acquire factor H and vitronectin via the surface protein LcpA","volume":"83","author":"da Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(97)00298-3","article-title":"Role of vitronectin and its receptors in haemostasis and vascular remodeling","volume":"89","author":"Preissner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"30","key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41608-0","article-title":"Multimeric vitronectin. Identification and characterization of conformation-dependent self-association of the adhesive protein","volume":"268","author":"Stockmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.5.2659-2666.2006","article-title":"LfhA, a novel factor H-binding protein of Leptospira interrogans","volume":"74","author":"Verma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001188","article-title":"Leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement","volume":"2","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01635-06","article-title":"Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen","volume":"75","author":"Choy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00279-10","article-title":"Functional characterization of LcpA, a surface-exposed protein of Leptospira spp. that binds the human complement regulator C4BP","volume":"78","author":"Barbosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_7","article-title":"The molecular basis of leptospiral pathogenesis","volume-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","author":"Murray","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x","article-title":"Pathogenic Leptospira species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"49","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004192","article-title":"Fine mapping of the interaction between C4b-binding protein and outer membrane proteins LigA and LigB of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans","volume":"9","author":"Breda","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041566","article-title":"Multiple activities of LigB potentiate virulence of Leptospira interrogans: inhibition of alternative and classical pathways of complement","volume":"7","author":"Choy","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.03.005","article-title":"Acquisition of negative complement regulators by the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa expressing LigA or LigB confers enhanced survival in human serum","volume":"173","author":"Castiblanco-Valencia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003308","article-title":"Microbes bind complement inhibitor factor H via a common site","volume":"9","author":"Meri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2012.06.001","article-title":"Lsa30, a novel adhesin of Leptospira interrogans binds human plasminogen and the complement regulator C4bp","volume":"53","author":"Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000217","article-title":"Leptospira interrogans Lsa23 protein recruits plasminogen, factor H and C4BP from normal human serum and mediates C3b and C4b degradation","volume":"162","author":"Siqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081818","article-title":"Interaction of Leptospira elongation factor Tu with plasminogen and complement factor H: a metabolic leptospiral protein with moonlighting activities","volume":"8","author":"Wolff","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.01.001","article-title":"Plasmin cleaves fibrinogen and the human complement proteins C3b and C5 in the presence of Leptospira interrogans proteins: a new role of LigA and LigB in invasion and complement immune evasion","volume":"221","author":"Castiblanco-Valencia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.04.008","article-title":"Exploitation of plasmin(ogen) by bacterial pathogens of veterinary significance","volume":"178","author":"Raymond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272148","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/272148","article-title":"Bacterial plasminogen receptors: mediators of a multifaceted relationship","volume":"2012","author":"Sanderson-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482096","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/482096","article-title":"Bacterial plasminogen receptors utilize host plasminogen system for effective invasion and dissemination","volume":"2012","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00353-09","article-title":"Plasminogen acquisition and activation at the surface of Leptospira species lead to fibronectin degradation","volume":"77","author":"Vieira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01282-09","article-title":"Leptospiral endostatin-like protein A is a bacterial cell surface receptor for human plasminogen","volume":"78","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)60028-7","article-title":"Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation, and cancer","volume":"44","author":"Dan\u00f8","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18831","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.323287","article-title":"Plasminogen is a complement inhibitor","volume":"287","author":"Barthel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.06.008","article-title":"In vitro evidence for immune evasion activity by human plasmin associated to pathogenic Leptospira interrogans","volume":"51","author":"Vieira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011259","article-title":"In vitro identification of novel plasminogen-binding receptors of the pathogen Leptospira interrogans","volume":"5","author":"Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21962","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021962","article-title":"Characterization of novel OmpA-like protein of Leptospira interrogans that binds extracellular matrix molecules and plasminogen","volume":"6","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05583-11","article-title":"The novel leptospiral surface adhesin Lsa20 binds laminin and human plasminogen and is probably expressed during infection","volume":"79","author":"Mendes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00474-12","article-title":"OmpL1 is an extracellular matrix- and plasminogen-interacting protein of Leptospira spp","volume":"80","author":"Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-50","article-title":"Features of two proteins of Leptospira interrogans with potential role in host-pathogen interactions","volume":"12","author":"Domingos","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078150","article-title":"Leptospira interrogans enolase is secreted extracellularly and interacts with plasminogen","volume":"8","author":"Nogueira","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.072074-0","article-title":"Functional and immunological evaluation of two novel proteins of Leptospira spp","volume":"160","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000041","article-title":"Novel Leptospira interrogans protein Lsa32 is expressed during infection and binds laminin and plasminogen","volume":"161","author":"Domingos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122762","article-title":"Features of two new proteins with OmpA-like domains identified in the genome sequences of Leptospira interrogans","volume":"10","author":"Teixeira","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw040","article-title":"Evaluation of two novel leptospiral proteins for their interaction with human host components","volume":"74","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv118","article-title":"The recombinant LIC10508 is a plasma fibronectin, plasminogen, fibrinogen and C4BP-binding protein of Leptospira interrogans","volume":"74","author":"Siqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12406","article-title":"Mammalian cell entry (Mce) protein of Leptospira interrogans binds extracellular matrix components, plasminogen and \u03b22 integrin","volume":"60","author":"Cosate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit569","article-title":"Immune evasion by pathogenic Leptospira strains: the secretion of proteases that directly cleave complement proteins","volume":"209","author":"Fraga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0174","article-title":"Protease-dependent mechanisms of complement evasion by bacterial pathogens","volume":"393","author":"Potempa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000181144","article-title":"Corruption of innate immunity by bacterial proteases","volume":"1","author":"Potempa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.06.011","article-title":"Bacterial complement evasion","volume":"44","author":"Rooijakkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00623\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T19:41:46Z","timestamp":1749843706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00623\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00623","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]]}}}