{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1787755600363,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR8282\/MED\/29\/722\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR8282\/MED\/29\/722\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]],"date-time":"2017-03-29T03:35:29Z","timestamp":1490758529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Sphingolipids Are Dual Specific Drug Targets for the Management of Pulmonary Infections: Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lalita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hridayesh","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1159\/000322342","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency attenuates bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice","volume":"26","author":"Dhami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.05.011","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate in allergic responses, asthma and anaphylaxis","volume":"115","author":"Oskeritzian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00070-6","article-title":"The roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate in asthma","volume":"38","author":"Jolly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000836","article-title":"Sphingolipids in mammalian cell signalling","volume":"58","author":"Ohanian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)12917-9","article-title":"Selection of mammalian cell mutants in sphingolipid biosynthesis","volume":"312","author":"Hanada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-3084(99)00082-1","article-title":"Ceramide and sphingomyelinases in the regulation of stress responses","volume":"102","author":"Sawai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0603-2","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P signaling pathway: therapeutic targets in autoimmunity and inflammation","volume":"76","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2014.04.010","article-title":"Development of a selective S1P1 receptor agonist, Syl930, as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"90","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.10.005","article-title":"Fingolimod (FTY720), sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, shows superior efficacy as compared with interferon-beta in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"11","author":"Chiba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.76","article-title":"Fingolimod is a potential novel therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Aktas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181cbf825","article-title":"Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"B12","volume-title":"Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency","author":"McGovern","year":"1993"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0174OC","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors normalize pulmonary ceramide and inflammation in cystic fibrosis","volume":"42","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2974","article-title":"The outs and the ins of sphingosine-1-phosphate in immunity","volume":"11","author":"Spiegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.11.002","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate and immune regulation: trafficking and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010657","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1) regulates Mycobacterium smegmatis infection in macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Prakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1086\/386286","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"189","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.2811","article-title":"Cutting edge: Mycobacterium tuberculosis blocks Ca2+ signaling and phagosome maturation in human macrophages via specific inhibition of sphingosine kinase","volume":"170","author":"Malik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(96)02543-1","article-title":"Sphingoid bases and phospholipase D activation","volume":"80","author":"Spiegel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35725-9","article-title":"Sphingomyelinase and cell-permeable ceramide analogs stimulate cellular proliferation in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts","volume":"267","author":"Olivera","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)50065-X","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate, a metabolite of sphingosine, increases phosphatidic acid levels by phospholipase D activation","volume":"267","author":"Desai","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(96)00106-2","article-title":"Post-infectious encephalitis with anti-galactocerebroside antibody subsequent to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"140","author":"Nishimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0295OC","article-title":"Defective acid sphingomyelinase pathway with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5979","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin induces neutrophil death via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial acid sphingomyelinase","volume":"22","author":"Manago","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4247","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase amplifies redox signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced macrophage apoptosis","volume":"181","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nm823","article-title":"Host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires ceramide-rich membrane rafts","volume":"9","author":"Grassme","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000664","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000664","article-title":"Inclusion biogenesis and reactivation of persistent Chlamydia trachomatis requires host cell sphingolipid biosynthesis","volume":"5","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00098.x","article-title":"Sphingomyelin trafficking in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected cells","volume":"3","author":"Wolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.134.2.363","article-title":"Sphingolipids and glycoproteins are differentially trafficked to the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion","volume":"134","author":"Scidmore","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6832(75)90002-6","article-title":"The lipids of fungi","volume":"14","author":"Brennan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005188","article-title":"Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis blocks phagocytosis of Candida albicans","volume":"11","author":"Tafesse","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.535031","article-title":"Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthetic gene IPT1 reduces Candida albicans adhesion and prevents activation of human gingival epithelial cell innate immune defense","volume":"49","author":"Rouabhia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.033985-0","article-title":"Candida albicans sphingolipid C9-methyltransferase is involved in hyphal elongation","volume":"156","author":"Oura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.856001","article-title":"Roles for inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (IPC1) in pathogenesis of C. neoformans","volume":"15","author":"Luberto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.045989-0","article-title":"Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 2 in the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by alveolar macrophages","volume":"157","author":"McQuiston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-007-3079-8","article-title":"New sphingolipids with a previously unreported 9-methyl-C20-sphingosine moiety from a marine algous endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger EN-13","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1969-0324","article-title":"[Sphingolipids and glycolipids of fungi and higher plants. 3. Isolation of a cerebroside from Aspergillus niger]","volume":"24","author":"Wagner","year":"1969","journal-title":"Z Naturforsch B"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.9.5588","article-title":"Increased mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and TNF-alpha production associated with Mycobacterium smegmatis-but not Mycobacterium avium-infected macrophages requires prolonged stimulation of the calmodulin\/calmodulin kinase and cyclic AMP\/protein kinase A pathways","volume":"172","author":"Yadav","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12594","article-title":"ESX-1 exploits type I IFN-signalling to promote a regulatory macrophage phenotype refractory to IFNgamma-mediated autophagy and growth restriction of intracellular mycobacteria","volume":"18","author":"Lienard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0011-2015","article-title":"Type VII secretion: a highly versatile secretion system","volume":"4","author":"Ates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301331","article-title":"Cutting edge: Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not nonvirulent mycobacteria inhibits IFN-beta and AIM2 inflammasome-dependent IL-1beta production via its ESX-1 secretion system","volume":"191","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13073","article-title":"Surface hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by the outer membrane protein Rv0888 supports replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages","volume":"97","author":"Speer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01263.x","article-title":"Role of lipids in killing mycobacteria by macrophages: evidence for NF-kappaB-dependent and -independent killing induced by different lipids","volume":"11","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2091-15-4","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and mycobacterial survival are uncoupled in murine macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Zullo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Biochem"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00699.x","article-title":"Intracellular network of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mammalian target of the rapamycin\/70 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways for regulating mycobacteria-induced IL-23 expression in human macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000362982","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulates dendritic cell function: focus on non-migratory effects in vitro and in vivo","volume":"34","author":"Arlt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1939","article-title":"The S1P(1)-mTOR axis directs the reciprocal differentiation of T(H)1 and T(reg) cells","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20053","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its G protein-coupled receptors constitute a multifunctional immunoregulatory system","volume":"92","author":"Goetzl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.07.009","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate induced anti-atherogenic and atheroprotective M2 macrophage polarization through IL-4","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E06-12-1096","article-title":"Tumor cell apoptosis polarizes macrophages role of sphingosine-1-phosphate","volume":"18","author":"Weigert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1882","article-title":"FTY720 and cisplatin synergistically induce the death of cisplatin-resistant melanoma cells through the downregulation of the PI3K pathway and the decrease in epidermal growth factor receptor expression","volume":"34","author":"Ishitsuka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1743","article-title":"The receptor S1P1 overrides regulatory T cell-mediated immune suppression through Akt-mTOR","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2008.10.016","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate induced mTOR-activation is mediated by the E3-ubiquitin ligase PAM","volume":"21","author":"Maeurer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Signal"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00378\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:19:07Z","timestamp":1658881147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00378\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,29]]}}}