{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:14:53Z","timestamp":1790702093891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2015-66007P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2015-66007P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T04:31:30Z","timestamp":1510029090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Host Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promise of New Treatment Strategies against Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Arranz-Trull\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pulido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjib","family":"Bhakta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Boix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2016","volume-title":"World Heal Organ Glob Tuberc Rep.","year":"2016"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2016.05.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides as novel anti-tuberculosis therapeutics","volume":"34","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4172\/1747-0862.1000128","article-title":"Prospective tuberculosis treatment: peptides, immunity and autophagy","volume":"8","author":"Rodriguez Plaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Genet Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.03.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the odd one out","volume":"24","author":"Eldholm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-10","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Zager","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2048","article-title":"Doomsday postponed? Preventing and reversing epidemics of drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Dye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.09.005","article-title":"Anti-tubercular peptides: a quest of future therapeutic weapon to combat tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Khusro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.07.008","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune evasion, latency and reactivation","volume":"217","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent","volume":"345","author":"Keane","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-45","article-title":"Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the risk of biologic anti-TNF-\u03b1 reagents","volume":"12","author":"Yasui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.06.002","article-title":"Glucose levels affect LL-37 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages altering the Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular growth control","volume":"97","author":"Montoya-Rosales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1256536","article-title":"Early diagnosis and effective treatment regimens are the keys to tackle antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis (TB): a report from Euroscicon\u2019s international TB Summit 2016","volume":"8","author":"Maitra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136861","article-title":"Performance comparison of three rapid tests for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Catanzaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc1708s40","article-title":"HT-SPOTi: a rapid drug susceptibility test (DST) to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles and novel chemicals for anti-infective drug discovery","volume":"40","author":"Danquah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00151-8","article-title":"Tuberculosis","volume":"387","author":"Dheda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.29","article-title":"The immunology of host defence peptides: beyond antimicrobial activity","volume":"16","author":"Hancock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21435","article-title":"Human antimicrobial peptides in bodily fluids: current knowledge and therapeutic perspectives in the postantibiotic era","author":"Bastos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.09.015","article-title":"Designing \u03b1-helical peptides with enhanced synergism and selectivity against Mycobacterium smegmatis: discerning the role of hydrophobicity and helicity","volume":"28","author":"Khara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02475-12","article-title":"Cationic antimicrobial peptides and biogenic silver nanoparticles kill mycobacteria without eliciting DNA damage and cytotoxicity in mouse macrophages","volume":"57","author":"Mohanty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70361-4","article-title":"The WHO 2014 global tuberculosis report \u2013 further to go","volume":"3","author":"Zumla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2016.07.004","article-title":"Efficacious in vitro and in vivo effects of dihydrosphingosine-ethambutol analogues against susceptible and multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"47","author":"Olmo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw107","article-title":"Unnatural amino acid analogues of membrane-active helical peptides with anti-mycobacterial activity and improved stability","volume":"71","author":"Khara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.13.111","article-title":"Immunotherapy for pulmonary TB: antimicrobial peptides and their inducers","volume":"5","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt364","article-title":"Mutation rate and the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"69","author":"Mcgrath","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.131","article-title":"ESX secretion systems: mycobacterial evolution to counter host immunity","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f6schel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02378.x","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of human macrophages at late time of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"118","author":"Volpe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00155","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis prolyl oligopeptidase induces in vitro secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Portugal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3813","article-title":"Advancing host-directed therapy for tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"Wallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06274.x","article-title":"Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biofilms containing free mycolic acids and harbouring drug-tolerant bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Ojha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2014.03.011","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in mycobacterial therapy: current status and future prospects","volume":"94","author":"Padhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00194","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: an emerging category of therapeutic agents","volume":"6","author":"Mahlapuu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2016.1176149","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as drug candidates: a patent review (2003\u20132015)","volume":"26","author":"Kosikowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Pat"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788682325","article-title":"The roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense","volume":"15","author":"Diamond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00276.x","article-title":"Lipoarabinomannan and related glycoconjugates: structure, biogenesis and role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and host-pathogen interaction","volume":"35","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku570","article-title":"Natural antimicrobial peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"70","author":"Abedinzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403078111","article-title":"Mycobacterial outer membrane is a lipid bilayer and the inner membrane is unusually rich in diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannosides","volume":"111","author":"Bansal-Mutalik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.01.031","article-title":"Interaction between antimicrobial peptides and mycobacteria","volume":"1858","author":"Gutsmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.10.046","article-title":"A bioanalytical method to determine the cell wall composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown in vivo","volume":"421","author":"Bhamidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13314","article-title":"Friends or foes? Host defense (antimicrobial) peptides and proteins in human skin diseases","volume":"26","author":"Niyonsaba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.07.002","article-title":"Interaction of antimicrobial peptide with mycolyl transferase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"5","author":"Banerjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1021\/cb1001558","article-title":"Describing the mechanism of antimicrobial peptide action with the interfacial activity model","volume":"5","author":"Wimley","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016968","article-title":"Connecting peptide physicochemical and antimicrobial properties by a rational prediction model","volume":"6","author":"Torrent","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.06.016","article-title":"The human cathelicidin hCAP18\/LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in mycobacterial infections","volume":"31","author":"M\u00e9ndez-Samperio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02728-13","article-title":"Killing of Mycobacterium avium by lactoferricin peptides: improved activity of arginine- and d-amino-acid-containing molecules","volume":"58","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-4-1017","article-title":"Intracellular pH regulation by Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG","volume":"147","author":"Rao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.04.018","article-title":"Effect of antimicrobial peptides on ATPase activity and proton pumping in plasma membrane vesicles obtained from mycobacteria","volume":"36","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.06.009","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants: rescuing antibiotics from resistance","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02340","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02340-16","article-title":"Beyond membrane-lytic: intracellular targeting mechanisms by antimicrobial peptides","volume":"61","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16a20.x","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of human neutrophil peptide-1 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: in vitro and ex vivo study","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.639-640.2001","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of human neutrophil peptide 1 against experimental tuberculosis","volume":"45","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201404650","article-title":"Cell penetrating synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) exhibiting potent and selective killing of Mycobacterium by targeting its DNA","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MGM2-0005-2013","article-title":"Evasion of innate and adaptive immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2012.01358.x","article-title":"Mycobacteria and the intraphagosomal environment: take it with a pinch of salt(s)!","volume":"13","author":"Soldati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E03-05-0307","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome maturation arrest: mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol analog phosphatidylinositol mannoside stimulates early endosomal fusion","volume":"15","author":"Vergne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.06.001","article-title":"Interactions of pathogenic bacteria with autophagy systems","volume":"22","author":"Cemma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1483","article-title":"Autophagy as a target for therapeutic uses of multifunctional peptides","volume":"68","author":"Muci\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00936-15","article-title":"LL-37 immunomodulatory activity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages","volume":"83","author":"Torres-Juarez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.02.011","article-title":"Autophagy during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and implications for future tuberculosis medications","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003946","article-title":"Identification of host-targeted small molecules that restrict intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth","volume":"10","author":"Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2016.1212873","article-title":"Differences in cytokine production during aging and its relationship with antimicrobial peptides production","volume":"46","author":"Casta\u00f1eda-Delgado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Investig"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201711","article-title":"A family of IFN-\u03b3-inducible 65-kD GTPases protects against bacterial infection","volume":"332","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2011.11.5.245","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity against mycobacteria","volume":"11","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1278","article-title":"APD3: the antimicrobial peptide database as a tool for research and education","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066557","article-title":"LAMP: a database linking antimicrobial peptides","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv180","article-title":"Overlap and diversity in antimicrobial peptide databases: compiling a non-redundant set of sequences","volume":"31","author":"Aguilera-Mendoza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1069","article-title":"LL-37, the neutrophil granule- and epithelial cell-derived cathelicidin, utilizes formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) as a receptor to chemoattract human peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells","volume":"192","author":"De","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01218-07","article-title":"Expression of cathelicidin LL-37 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells","volume":"76","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2274","article-title":"Cutting edge: mast cell antimicrobial activity is mediated by expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide","volume":"170","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01644.x","article-title":"Cathelicidin is involved in the intracellular killing of mycobacteria in macrophages","volume":"13","author":"Sonawane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.09.013","article-title":"The anti-microbial peptide LL-37 modulates immune responses in the palatine tonsils where it is exclusively expressed by neutrophils and a subset of dendritic cells","volume":"142","author":"Sigurdardottir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902110","article-title":"The host defense peptide cathelicidin is required for NK cell-mediated suppression of tumor growth","volume":"184","author":"B\u00fcchau","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B72","first-page":"179","article-title":"The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals","volume":"7","author":"Zanetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.2741\/2964","article-title":"The role of the multifunctional peptide LL-37 in host defense","volume":"13","author":"Kai-Larsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4878","article-title":"Bacterial subversion of cAMP signalling inhibits cathelicidin expression, which is required for innate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"242","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21154","article-title":"Autophagy induction by vitamin D inhibits both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.08.004","article-title":"Vitamin D3 induces autophagy in human monocytes\/macrophages via cathelicidin","volume":"6","author":"Yuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1075110","article-title":"Phenylbutyrate induces LL-37-dependent autophagy and intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Rekha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.05.003","article-title":"Autophagy as an immune effector against tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Bradfute","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-166595","article-title":"TLR2-dependent eosinophil interactions with mycobacteria: role of \u03b1-defensins","volume":"113","author":"Driss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01430.x","article-title":"Expression of beta-defensin 1 and 2 mRNA by human monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"106","author":"Duits","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4505-4511.2005","article-title":"Human {beta}-defensin 2 is expressed and associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection of human alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"73","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7515687","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7515687","article-title":"Defensins: the case for their use against mycobacterial infections","volume":"2016","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04313.x","article-title":"Induction of \u03b2-defensins by l-isoleucine as novel immunotherapy in experimental murine tuberculosis","volume":"164","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1864","article-title":"Macrophages acquire neutrophil granules for antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens","volume":"177","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075565","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by beta-defensin 2","volume":"298","author":"Biragyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.05.040","article-title":"Hepcidin expression in liver cells: evaluation of mRNA levels and transcriptional regulation","volume":"546","author":"Kanamori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407216","article-title":"Expression and localization of hepcidin in macrophages: a role in host defense against tuberculosis","volume":"82","author":"Sow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.03.003","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis components stimulate production of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin","volume":"91","author":"Sow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.1530-6860","article-title":"Role of hepcidin in the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Sow","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03226.x","article-title":"Hepcidin messenger RNA expression in human lymphocytes","volume":"130","author":"Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1208719","article-title":"Role of STAT1, NF- B, and C\/EBP in the macrophage transcriptional regulation of hepcidin by mycobacterial infection and IFN","volume":"86","author":"Sow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0829","article-title":"Inhibition of iron transport across human intestinal epithelial cells by hepcidin","volume":"104","author":"Yamaji","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000243791","article-title":"The role of hepcidin in iron metabolism","volume":"122","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-03-0672","article-title":"Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation","volume":"102","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.22.2861","article-title":"Lactoferrin expression in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by changes in cell shape and actin cytoskeleton","volume":"110","author":"Close","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1139\/o01-215","article-title":"Lactoferrin gene expression and regulation: an overview","volume":"80","author":"Teng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V57.5.939.939","article-title":"Lactoferrin: a promoter of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesiveness","volume":"57","author":"Oseas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5373-z","article-title":"Lactoferricin: a lactoferrin-derived peptide with antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor and immunological properties","volume":"62","author":"Gifford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.35.3.792-799.1982","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: differentiation from the stasis of iron deprivation","volume":"35","author":"Arnold","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.10.019","article-title":"Influence of oral lactoferrin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced immunopathology","volume":"91","author":"Welsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-007-0041-6","article-title":"Lactoferrin modulation of IL-12 and IL-10 response from activated murine leukocytes","volume":"196","author":"Hwang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0061","article-title":"Oral recombinant human or mouse lactoferrin reduces Mycobacterium tuberculosis TDM induced granulomatous lung pathology","volume":"95","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.4.825.825","article-title":"The ontogeny of a 57-Kd cationic antimicrobial protein of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: localization to a novel granule population","volume":"76","author":"Pereira","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050345","article-title":"Azurophil granule proteins constitute the major mycobactericidal proteins in human neutrophils and enhance the killing of mycobacteria in macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Jena","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.3.833","article-title":"Expression of the neutrophil elastase gene during human bone marrow cell differentiation","volume":"169","author":"Fouret","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit097","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits human interferon \u03b3 to stimulate macrophage extracellular trap formation and necrosis","volume":"208","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B107","first-page":"217","article-title":"Elastases: catalytic and biological properties","volume-title":"Regul Matrix Accumulation","author":"Bieth","year":"1986"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1841","article-title":"Neutrophil serine proteases: specific regulators of inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Pham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103346","article-title":"Cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase contribute to lung-protective immunity against mycobacterial infections in mice","volume":"188","author":"Steinwede","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155685","article-title":"Mycobacterium massiliense induces macrophage extracellular traps with facilitating bacterial growth","volume":"11","author":"Je","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1039\/b617527a","article-title":"Mammalian antimicrobial proteins and peptides: overview on the RNase A superfamily members involved in innate host defence","volume":"3","author":"Boix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0160","article-title":"Structural determinants of the eosinophil cationic protein antimicrobial activity","volume":"393","author":"Boix","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.268","article-title":"Ribonucleases 6 and 7 have antimicrobial function in the human and murine urinary tract","volume":"87","author":"Becknell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46779","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207587200","article-title":"RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense antimicrobial protein of healthy human skin","volume":"277","author":"Harder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg157","article-title":"Human RNase 7: a new cationic ribonuclease of the RNase A superfamily","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00428-13","article-title":"Two human host defense ribonucleases against mycobacteria, the eosinophil cationic protein (RNase 3) and RNase 7","volume":"57","author":"Pulido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.10.2592.bloodjournal79102592","article-title":"Decreased expression of eosinophil peroxidase and major basic protein messenger RNAs during eosinophil maturation","volume":"79","author":"Gruart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.605-613.2003","article-title":"Human eosinophil peroxidase induces surface alteration, killing, and lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"71","author":"Borelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5712-5721.2004","article-title":"The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli","volume":"72","author":"Rivera-Marrero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.02.034","article-title":"Lysosomal disorders drive susceptibility to tuberculosis by compromising macrophage migration","volume":"165","author":"Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501012","article-title":"Cathepsin G in experimental tuberculosis: relevance for antibacterial protection and potential for immunotherapy","volume":"195","author":"Walter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.121","article-title":"An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin","volume":"282","author":"Stenger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3248-3254.2001","article-title":"Calprotectin expression by gingival epithelial cells","volume":"69","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.01.009","article-title":"S100A12: friend or foe in pulmonary tuberculosis?","volume":"92","author":"Bagheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit495","article-title":"Interleukin 22 inhibits intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enhancing calgranulin a expression","volume":"209","author":"Dhiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05536.x","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines upregulate expression of calprotectin (L1 protein, MRP-8\/MRP-14) in cultured human keratinocytes","volume":"149","author":"Mork","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4711-4716.2003","article-title":"Calprotectin, an abundant cytosolic protein from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inhibits the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"71","author":"Lusitani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6031","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700036104","article-title":"Lysosomal killing of Mycobacterium mediated by ubiquitin-derived peptides is enhanced by autophagy","volume":"104","author":"Alonso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31097","article-title":"Neutrophil-mediated innate immune resistance to mycobacteria","volume":"117","author":"Martineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1225","article-title":"Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37","volume":"41","author":"Bandurska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01050-O","article-title":"Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C-terminal antimicrobial domain","volume":"374","author":"Zanetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.12.3951","article-title":"Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3","volume":"97","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2060","article-title":"Cutting edge: vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent on the induction of cathelicidin","volume":"179","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00072-16","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed to in vitro lysosomal stress","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2692-2699.2001","article-title":"Antimycobacterial agent based on mRNA encoding human \u03b2-defensin 2 enables primary macrophages to restrict growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"69","author":"Kisich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1180","article-title":"Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity","volume":"3","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1104688","article-title":"Prodefensins are matrix proteins of specific granules in human neutrophils","volume":"78","author":"Faurschou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0157-6","article-title":"Candidate biomarkers for discrimination between infection and disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"85","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4591","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human neutrophils","volume":"70","author":"Kisich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1086\/424463","article-title":"Role of human neutrophil peptide-1 as a possible adjunct to antituberculosis chemotherapy","volume":"190","author":"Kalita","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7806","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008922200","article-title":"Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver","volume":"276","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004998","article-title":"Hepcidin and host defense against infectious diseases","volume":"11","author":"Michels","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B144","first-page":"1151","article-title":"The haematological and biochemical changes in severe pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"73","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.929736","article-title":"Impact of hepcidin antimicrobial peptide on iron overload in tuberculosis patients","volume":"46","author":"Javaheri-Kermani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2016.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms and consequences of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"26","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632015599832","article-title":"CHO expressed recombinant human lactoferrin as an adjuvant for BCG","volume":"28","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.008","article-title":"The expression of ferritin, lactoferrin, transferrin receptor and solute carrier family 11A1 in the host response to BCG-vaccination and Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge","volume":"30","author":"Thom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12797","article-title":"Structural similarities of human and mammalian lipocalins, and their function in innate immunity and allergy","volume":"71","author":"Jensen-Jarolim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-139634","article-title":"Neutrophil secretion products pave the way for inflammatory monocytes","volume":"112","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1785","article-title":"Secretion of heparin-binding protein from human neutrophils is determined by its localization in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles","volume":"99","author":"Tapper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35740","article-title":"Neutrophil primary granule proteins HBP and HNP1-3 boost bacterial phagocytosis by human and murine macrophages","volume":"118","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.3.651-655.1986","article-title":"Late intraphagosomal hydrogen ion concentration favors the in vitro antimicrobial capacity of a 37-kilodalton cationic granule protein of human neutrophil granulocytes","volume":"53","author":"Shafer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3988","article-title":"Neutrophils activate macrophages for intracellular killing of Leishmania major through recruitment of TLR4 by neutrophil elastase","volume":"179","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0598-615","article-title":"Mice lacking neutrophil elastase reveal impaired host defense against gram negative bacterial sepsis","volume":"4","author":"Belaaouaj","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32247","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32247","article-title":"Role of cathepsins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in human macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Pires","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0522-4","article-title":"Protection and pathology in TB: learning from the zebrafish model","volume":"38","author":"Meijer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6437","article-title":"Potential function of granulysin, other related effector molecules and lymphocyte subsets in patients with TB and HIV\/TB coinfection","volume":"10","author":"Pitabut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347594","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/347594","article-title":"Innate immune effectors in mycobacterial infection","volume":"2011","author":"Saiga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9922","DOI":"10.1021\/bi301426j","article-title":"Structural and functional characterization of mycobactericidal ubiquitin-derived peptides in model and bacterial membranes","volume":"51","author":"Foss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081278","article-title":"The ribonuclease a superfamily in humans: canonical RNases as the buttress of innate immunity","volume":"17","author":"Koczera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-10","article-title":"Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein \u2013 a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte","volume":"12","author":"Bystrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2634","article-title":"Neutrophils as a novel source of eosinophil cationic protein in IgE-mediated processes","volume":"179","author":"Monteseir\u00edn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-6-105","article-title":"Chemoattraction of macrophages by secretory molecules derived from cells expressing the signal peptide of eosinophil cationic protein","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1708","article-title":"Pulmonary eosinophilia in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"101","author":"Vijayan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01026.x","article-title":"Eosinophils: multifaceted biological properties and roles in health and disease","volume":"242","author":"Kita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B167","article-title":"Unveiling the mode of action of human antimicrobial RNases against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a surrogate macrophage infected model","volume-title":"TB Summit 2016","author":"Arranz-Trull\u00e9n","year":"2016"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912446955","article-title":"The mammalian secreted RNases: mechanisms of action in host defence","volume":"19","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062027","article-title":"Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin acts as an alarmin to activate the TLR2-MyD88 signal pathway in dendritic cells and enhances Th2 immune responses","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2174\/092986611794578288","article-title":"Anti-tuberculosis activity of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides: de novo designed L- and D-enantiomers versus L- and D-LL-37","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protein Pept Lett"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01667-10","article-title":"Efficacy of antimicrobial peptoids against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"55","author":"Kapoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B172","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2009"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00175-13","article-title":"Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other microbial pathogens using improved synthetic antibacterial peptides","volume":"57","author":"Ram\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.09.015","article-title":"Activity of LL-37, CRAMP and antimicrobial peptide-derived compounds E2, E6 and CP26 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2014.08.001","article-title":"Cationic amphipathic D-enantiomeric antimicrobial peptides with in vitro and ex vivo activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"94","author":"Lan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.07.001","article-title":"Inhalable spray-dried formulation of D-LAK antimicrobial peptides targeting tuberculosis","volume":"491","author":"Kwok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01053-10","article-title":"Deciphering the mode of action of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide bac8c","volume":"55","author":"Spindler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0149","article-title":"The synthetic cathelicidin HHC-10 inhibits Mycobacterium bovis BCG in vitro and in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"19","author":"Llamas-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1021\/cb800240j","article-title":"Use of artificial intelligence in the design of small peptide antibiotics effective against a broad spectrum of highly antibiotic-resistant superbugs","volume":"4","author":"Cherkasov","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2708","article-title":"Peptide IDR-1018: modulating the immune system and targeting bacterial biofilms to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections","volume":"21","author":"Mansour","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59119","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059119","article-title":"Ability of innate defence regulator peptides IDR-1002, IDR-HH2 and IDR-1018 to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in animal models","volume":"8","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00533","article-title":"Peptide IDR-1002 inhibits NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation by inhibition of I\u03baB\u03b1 degradation and activates p38\/ERK1\/2\u2013MSK1-dependent CREB phosphorylation in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"7","author":"Huante-Mendoza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2015.07.021","article-title":"The ATPase activity of the mycobacterial plasma membrane is inhibited by the LL37-analogous peptide LLAP","volume":"71","author":"Chingat\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.05.064","article-title":"Delivery of LLKKK18 loaded into self-assembling hyaluronic acid nanogel for tuberculosis treatment","volume":"235","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22015","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the lantibiotic MU1140","volume":"99","author":"Ghobrial","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101742","article-title":"Characterization of antibacterial and hemolytic activity of synthetic pandinin 2 variants and their inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.11.035","article-title":"Anti-mycobacterial activities of synthetic cationic \u03b1-helical peptides and their synergism with rifampicin","volume":"35","author":"Khara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34120","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.359067","article-title":"Conformational flexibility determines selectivity and antibacterial, antiplasmodial, and anticancer potency of cationic \u03b1-helical peptides","volume":"287","author":"Vermeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20130123","article-title":"Ribonucleases as a host-defence family: evidence of evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial activity at the N-terminus","volume":"456","author":"Torrent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003005","article-title":"Exploring new biological functions of amyloids: bacteria cell agglutination mediated by host protein aggregation","volume":"8","author":"Torrent","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1393","article-title":"Immune modulation by multifaceted cationic host defense (antimicrobial) peptides","volume":"9","author":"Hilchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.10.003","article-title":"Peptide therapeutics: current status and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Fosgerau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81895-4","article-title":"Human beta-defensin-1 is a salt-sensitive antibiotic in lung that is inactivated in cystic fibrosis","volume":"88","author":"Goldman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1113","article-title":"High-throughput generation of small antibacterial peptides with improved activity","volume":"23","author":"Hilpert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12316","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413406200","article-title":"Rational design of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activities and specificity\/therapeutic index","volume":"280","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2017.01.005","article-title":"Delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides","volume":"242","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.16587","article-title":"Intracellular trafficking network of protein nanocapsules: endocytosis, exocytosis and autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8128","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200700861","article-title":"Peptide fibrillization","volume":"46","author":"Hamley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angw Chem Int Ed Eng"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10686","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201103589","article-title":"The generation of antimicrobial peptide activity: a trade-off between charge and aggregation?","volume":"50","author":"Torrent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angw Chem Int Ed Eng"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.12.013","article-title":"Improving short antimicrobial peptides despite elusive rules for activity","volume":"1858","author":"Mikut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2015.03.015","article-title":"High throughput screening methods for assessing antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activities of synthetic peptides","volume":"71","author":"Haney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20270","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3098756","article-title":"Directional assembly of \u03b1-helical peptides induced by cyclization","volume":"134","author":"Sim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0704380","article-title":"Impact of LL-37 on anti-infective immunity","volume":"77","author":"Bowdish","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00078-5","article-title":"Host-directed therapies for infectious diseases: current status, recent progress, and future prospects","volume":"16","author":"Zumla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36692","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36692","article-title":"Highly potent inducers of endogenous antimicrobial peptides for host directed therapy of infections","volume":"6","author":"Ottosson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.14.119","article-title":"Prophylactic potential of defensins and L-isoleucine in tuberculosis household contacts: an experimental model","volume":"7","author":"Rivas-Santiago","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","article-title":"Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068875","article-title":"Mechanisms and fitness costs of resistance to antimicrobial peptides LL-37, CNY100HL and wheat germ histones","volume":"8","author":"Lofton","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B209","first-page":"231","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"306","author":"Kraus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.022","article-title":"Drug tolerance in replicating mycobacteria mediated by a macrophage-induced efflux mechanism","volume":"145","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_300","article-title":"Antimicrobial efflux pumps and Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug tolerance: evolutionary considerations","volume":"374","author":"Szumowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.04.008","article-title":"Alternatives to overcoming bacterial resistances: state-of-the-art","volume":"191","author":"Rios","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03667.x","article-title":"Requirement for kasB in Mycobacterium mycolic acid biosynthesis, cell wall impermeability and intracellular survival: implications for therapy","volume":"49","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16755","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803815105","article-title":"Induction of group A Streptococcus virulence by a human antimicrobial peptide","volume":"105","author":"Gryllos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17042","article-title":"Antibacterial drug discovery in the resistance era","volume":"529","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.02.012","article-title":"On the in vivo significance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"1848","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.04.003","article-title":"In vitro activity of protegrin-1 and beta-defensin-1, alone and in combination with isoniazid, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"25","author":"Fattorini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6737-7_19","article-title":"Assays for identifying inducers of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37","volume":"1548","author":"Nylen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftw075","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw075","article-title":"Gene therapy based in antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokine prevents reactivation of experimental latent tuberculosis","volume":"74","author":"Ramos-Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01499\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T16:14:04Z","timestamp":1659802444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01499\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"references-count":219,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01499","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"article-number":"1499"}}