{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1791875903940,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL114669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL114669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T04:29:37Z","timestamp":1511152177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["\u03b21-Adrenergic Receptor Contains Multiple IAk and IEk Binding Epitopes That Induce T Cell Responses with Varying Degrees of Autoimmune Myocarditis in A\/J Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rakesh H.","family":"Basavalingappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandirasegaran","family":"Massilamany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharathi","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunakumar","family":"Gangaplara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajkumar A.","family":"Rajasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Z.","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jack","family":"Riethoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Strande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.10.874","article-title":"Changes in mortality from heart failure \u2013 United States, 1980\u20131995","volume":"280","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00045415-199905000-00009","article-title":"Cardiovascular causes of sudden death in young individuals including athletes","volume":"7","author":"Basso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2007.06.004","article-title":"Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-fourth official adult heart transplant report \u2013 2007","volume":"26","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(01)00091-6","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death","volume":"10","author":"Virmani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)00604-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"99","author":"Cihakova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.07.012","article-title":"Role of beta(1)-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"217","author":"Dandel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.02.016","article-title":"Recent insights into the role of autoimmunity in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Lappe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.3.631","article-title":"Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation with disease severity and cardiac autoantibodies","volume":"91","author":"Limas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00010-7","article-title":"Circulating cardiac autoantibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis: pathogenetic and clinical significance","volume":"4","author":"Caforio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.243360","article-title":"Autoantibodies in heart failure and cardiac dysfunction","volume":"110","author":"Kaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.64.1.97","article-title":"Autoantibodies against beta-adrenoceptors in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"64","author":"Limas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00603","article-title":"Mechanisms of autoantibody-induced pathology","volume":"8","author":"Ludwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(08)80036-3","article-title":"Anti-beta 1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies with chronotropic activity from the serum of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: mapping of epitopes in the first and second extracellular loops","volume":"27","author":"Wallukat","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"99","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in cardiac function and heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Madamanchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mcgill J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90922-8","article-title":"Distribution of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor subtypes in various mouse tissues","volume":"160","author":"Ota","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E199","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.2.E199","article-title":"The putative beta4-adrenergic receptor is a novel state of the beta1-adrenergic receptor","volume":"280","author":"Granneman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2005.11.002","article-title":"beta(1)-Adrenergic receptor function, autoimmunity, and pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Jahns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000102042.83024.CA","article-title":"What is the role of beta-adrenergic signaling in heart failure?","volume":"93","author":"Lohse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683193","article-title":"Beta 1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies mediate dilated cardiomyopathy by agonistically inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis","volume":"116","author":"Jane-wit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8228-9","article-title":"The clinical significance of anti-beta-1 adrenergic receptor autoantibodies in cardiac disease","volume":"44","author":"Nussinovitch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02986.x","article-title":"Phenotype of early cardiomyopathic changes induced by active immunization of rats with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human beta-adrenergic receptor","volume":"143","author":"Buvall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2007.02.007","article-title":"Antibodies against the beta1-adrenergic receptor induce progressive development of cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Buvall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.09.057","article-title":"Autoimmunity against the second extracellular loop of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors induces early afterdepolarization and decreases in K-channel density in rabbits","volume":"43","author":"Fukuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1996.0307","article-title":"Peptides derived from cardiovascular G-protein-coupled receptors induce morphological cardiomyopathic changes in immunized rabbits","volume":"29","author":"Matsui","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.12.023","article-title":"Long-term active immunization with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of beta1-adrenoceptor induces both morphological and functional cardiomyopathic changes in rats","volume":"149","author":"Zuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.08.005","article-title":"Identification of an epitope from adenine nucleotide translocator 1 that induces inflammation in heart in A\/J mice","volume":"186","author":"Basavalingappa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1291","article-title":"Myocarditis-inducing epitope of myosin binds constitutively and stably to I-Ak on antigen-presenting cells in the heart","volume":"182","author":"Donermeyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2011.08.013","article-title":"Identification of novel mimicry epitopes for cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha that induce autoimmune myocarditis in A\/J mice","volume":"271","author":"Massilamany","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118642","article-title":"Identification of cardiac myosin peptides capable of inducing autoimmune myocarditis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"97","author":"Pummerer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.177","article-title":"Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase 111-130, a T cell epitope that induces both autoimmune myocarditis and hepatitis in A\/J mice","author":"Krishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.09.016","article-title":"Localization of CD8 T cell epitope within cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha334-352 that induces autoimmune myocarditis in A\/J mice","volume":"202","author":"Massilamany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9670687","article-title":"The surface-area-body-weight relationship in mice","volume":"20","author":"Dawson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Aust J Biol Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2000.02391.x","article-title":"The reconstitution of CD45RBhiCD4+ naive T cells is inversely correlated with donor age in murine allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"111","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.07.004","article-title":"Detection of cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha-specific CD4 cells by using MHC class II\/IA(k) tetramers in A\/J mice","volume":"372","author":"Massilamany","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-12-40","article-title":"Detection of autoreactive CD4 T cells using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers","volume":"12","author":"Massilamany","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011971","article-title":"Structural basis of cytochrome c presentation by IEk","volume":"195","author":"Fremont","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9921337","article-title":"Kinetics of peptide binding to the class II MHC protein I\u2212 Ek","volume":"39","author":"Kasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00920","article-title":"Two-step binding mechanism for T-cell receptor recognition of peptide\u2013MHC","volume":"418","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.2.870","article-title":"Detection of autoreactive myelin proteolipid protein 139-151-specific T cells by using MHC II (IAs) tetramers","volume":"170","author":"Reddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.07.003","article-title":"Coxsackievirus B3 infection leads to the generation of cardiac myosin heavy chain-alpha-reactive CD4 T cells in A\/J mice","volume":"144","author":"Gangaplara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101660","article-title":"Th1 and Th17 cells regulate innate immune responses and bacterial clearance during central nervous system infection","volume":"188","author":"Holley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7169","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901906","article-title":"Th1, Th17, and Th9 effector cells induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with different pathological phenotypes","volume":"183","author":"Jager","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03261.x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists inhibit T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"130","author":"Kanakasabai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2416","article-title":"Induction and molecular signature of pathogenic TH17 cells","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.68.149","article-title":"Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol-modified cardiac myosin treatment blocks the active and passive induction of experimental autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"68","author":"Hamada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.4.1437-1445.2005","article-title":"Normal immune system development in mice lacking the Deltex-1 RING finger domain","volume":"25","author":"Storck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.788711","article-title":"Identification of cardiac troponin I sequence motifs leading to heart failure by induction of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"118","author":"Kaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114888","article-title":"Mapping of a functional autoimmune epitope on the beta 1-adrenergic receptor in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"86","author":"Magnusson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61685-9","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in A\/J mice is an interleukin-4-dependent disease with a Th2 phenotype","volume":"159","author":"Afanasyeva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.901","article-title":"Identification of an N-terminally acetylated encephalitogenic epitope in myelin proteolipid apoprotein for the Lewis rat","volume":"153","author":"Zhao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2017.05.005","article-title":"Incremental prognostic value of a complex left ventricular remodeling classification in asymptomatic for heart failure hypertensive patients","volume":"11","author":"Fabiani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00017","article-title":"Recognition of a high affinity MHC class I-restricted epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein by CD8(+) T cells derived from autoantigen-deficient mice","volume":"2","author":"Leech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1851","article-title":"A shared epitope of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein recognized by the CD4+ and CD8+ autoreactive T cells","volume":"175","author":"Shao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98506","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098506","article-title":"SJL mice infected with Acanthamoeba castellanii develop central nervous system autoimmunity through the generation of cross-reactive T cells for myelin antigens","volume":"9","author":"Massilamany","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2192oa","article-title":"Inflammatory heart disease: a role for cytokines","volume":"14","author":"Fairweather","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213157","article-title":"Interleukin-17A is dispensable for myocarditis but essential for the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Baldeviano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0063","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes myocarditis in female mice infected with coxsackievirus B3 through upregulation of CD1d on hematopoietic cells","volume":"23","author":"Huber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1428","article-title":"Overexpression of interleukin-6 aggravates viral myocarditis: impaired increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.8","article-title":"IL-10 production by CD4+ effector T cells: a mechanism for self-regulation","volume":"3","author":"Jankovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1539","article-title":"TGF-beta and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain T(H)-17 cell-mediated pathology","volume":"8","author":"McGeachy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00126-1","article-title":"Type I interferons potently enhance humoral immunity and can promote isotype switching by stimulating dendritic cells in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Le Bon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1159\/000329581","article-title":"The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the thymus in health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Roggero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.1.59","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between the immunodominant ribosomal protein P0 of Trypanosoma cruzi and a functional epitope on the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor","volume":"182","author":"Ferrari","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(03)00003-3","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi antigen that interacts with the beta1-adrenergic receptor and modifies myocardial contractile activity","volume":"127","author":"Joensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01567\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1693247973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01567\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"article-number":"1567"}}