{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:13:25Z","timestamp":1783350805290,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC013588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC013588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T04:13:50Z","timestamp":1522210430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Role of Quinine-Responsive Taste Receptor Family 2 in Airway Immune Defense and Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Workman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy W.","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kohanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly J.","family":"Cowart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrine","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James N.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nithin D.","family":"Adappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle R.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4297","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology and burden of disease","volume":"30","author":"DeConde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0690-5","article-title":"Economics of chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"17","author":"Rudmik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.32","article-title":"A review of classification schemes for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis endotypes","volume":"1","author":"Dennis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21949","article-title":"Denatonium-induced sinonasal bacterial killing may play a role in chronic rhinosinusitis outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Carey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72094","article-title":"Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate human upper respiratory innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21253","article-title":"The bitter taste receptor T2R38 is an independent risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis requiring sinus surgery","volume":"4","author":"Adappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21803","article-title":"Correlation of T2R38 taste phenotype and in vitro biofilm formation from nonpolypoid chronic rhinosinusitis patients","volume":"6","author":"Adappa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.09.014","article-title":"Bitter and sweet taste tests are reflective of disease status in chronic rhinosinusitis","author":"Workman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00071-0","article-title":"Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990575","article-title":"Taste transductions in taste receptor cells: basic tastes and moreover","volume":"20","author":"Iwata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp092","article-title":"The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors","volume":"35","author":"Meyerhof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-215087","article-title":"Extraoral bitter taste receptors as mediators of off-target drug effects","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305112","article-title":"Taste receptors of the gut: emerging roles in health and disease","volume":"63","author":"Depoortere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000058","article-title":"Functional roles of the sweet taste receptor in oral and extraoral tissues","volume":"17","author":"Laffitte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64240","article-title":"T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173869","article-title":"Motile cilia of human airway epithelia are chemosensory","volume":"325","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913503386","article-title":"Mouse nasal epithelial innate immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules require taste signaling components","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-11-3","article-title":"Expression of taste receptors in solitary chemosensory cells of rodent airways","volume":"11","author":"Tizzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2017.31.4424","article-title":"Nitric oxide production is stimulated by bitter taste receptors ubiquitously expressed in the sinonasal cavity","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aam7703","article-title":"Bacterial d-amino acids suppress sinonasal innate immunity through sweet taste receptors in solitary chemosensory cells","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188628","article-title":"D-amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly","volume":"328","author":"Kolodkin-Gal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00007-13","article-title":"Tryptophan inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"57","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21666","article-title":"TAS2R38 genotype predicts surgical outcome in nonpolypoid chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Adappa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0156347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156347","article-title":"The pharmacochaperone activity of quinine on bitter taste receptors","volume":"11","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8484","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.771949","article-title":"Flavones modulate respiratory epithelial innate immunity: anti-inflammatory effects and activation of the T2R14 receptor","volume":"292","author":"Hariri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815572097","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis","volume":"152","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2003.01209.x","article-title":"All-digital image capture and whole-field analysis of ciliary beat frequency","volume":"211","author":"Sisson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj044","article-title":"Heritability and genetic covariation of sensitivity to PROP, SOA, quinine HCl, and caffeine","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20968.x","article-title":"Relationships between taste and smell across the adult life span","volume":"561","author":"Cowart","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D413","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr755","article-title":"BitterDB: a database of bitter compounds","volume":"40","author":"Wiener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.042","article-title":"Familial aggregation of sinonasal polyps correlates with severity of disease","volume":"134","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46166","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46166","article-title":"Bitter taste receptor agonists mitigate features of allergic asthma in mice","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L154","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00106.2017","article-title":"Bitter taste receptor agonists alter mitochondrial function and induce autophagy in airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"313","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00536.x","article-title":"Induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in murine macrophages requires potassium channel activity","volume":"111","author":"Lowry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq324","article-title":"The perception of quinine taste intensity is associated with common genetic variants in a bitter receptor cluster on chromosome 12","volume":"19","author":"Reed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt404","article-title":"GWAS of human bitter taste perception identifies new loci and reveals additional complexity of bitter taste genetics","volume":"23","author":"Ledda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00624\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T04:13:54Z","timestamp":1522210434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00624\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00624","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"article-number":"624"}}