{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:48:53Z","timestamp":1790516933433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T04:55:02Z","timestamp":1540184102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human NK Cells Develop an Exhaustion Phenotype During Polar Degranulation at the Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphal Synapse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katayoun","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Stebbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Armstrong-James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00536","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00536-15","article-title":"Genomic context of azole resistance mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus determined using whole-genome sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Abdolrasouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30442-5","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic approaches to treatment of fungal diseases","volume":"17","author":"Armstrong-James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18125","article-title":"Chemokine-mediated recruitment of NK cells is a critical host defense mechanism in invasive aspergillosis","volume":"112","author":"Morrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803462","article-title":"Early NK cell-derived IFN-{gamma} is essential to host defense in neutropenic invasive aspergillosis","volume":"182","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20883","article-title":"The safety of interferon-gamma-1b therapy for invasive fungal infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Safdar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00021705","article-title":"Interferon-gamma therapy in two patients with progressive chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"27","author":"Kelleher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq062","article-title":"Human natural killer cells exhibit direct activity against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae, but not against resting conidia","volume":"203","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003593","article-title":"Human NK cells display important antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, which is directly mediated by IFN-gamma release","volume":"187","author":"Bouzani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1086\/499949","article-title":"The evolution and evaluation of a whole blood polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of invasive aspergillosis in hematology patients in a routine clinical setting","volume":"42","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3402-3408.2001","article-title":"Colorimetric assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species","volume":"39","author":"Meletiadis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001151","article-title":"Natural killer cell lytic granule secretion occurs through a pervasive actin network at the immune synapse","volume":"9","author":"Rak","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.5.1757","article-title":"Involvement of CD56 (NKH-1\/Leu-19 antigen) as an adhesion molecule in natural killer-target cell interaction","volume":"170","author":"Nitta","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1999.0457","article-title":"CD56 directly interacts in the process of NCAM-positive target cell-killing by NK cells","volume":"24","author":"Takasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.017418-0","article-title":"Dynamics of extracellular release of Aspergillus fumigatus DNA and galactomannan during growth in blood and serum","volume":"59","author":"Morton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1711-1718.2006","article-title":"In vitro release by Aspergillus fumigatus of galactofuranose antigens, 1,3-beta-D-glucan, and DNA, surrogate markers used for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis","volume":"44","author":"Mennink-Kersten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00287-12","article-title":"Extracellular DNA release acts as an antifungal resistance mechanism in mature Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms","volume":"12","author":"Rajendran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71062","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12616","article-title":"Aspergillus fumigatus responds to natural killer (NK) cells with upregulation of stress related genes and inhibits the immunoregulatory function of NK cells","volume":"7","author":"Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06238-4","article-title":"CD56 is a pathogen recognition receptor on human natural killer cells","volume":"7","author":"Ziegler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00760","article-title":"NK cell exhaustion","volume":"8","author":"Bi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1001-917","article-title":"Final steps of natural killer cell maturation: a model for type 1-type 2 differentiation?","volume":"2","author":"Loza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00451.x","article-title":"Human natural killer cell development","volume":"214","author":"Freud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.019729","article-title":"NCAM is ubiquitylated, endocytosed and recycled in neurons","volume":"120","author":"Diestel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6612","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901437","article-title":"Expansion of functionally skewed CD56-negative NK cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: correlation with outcome of pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin treatment","volume":"183","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-158","article-title":"CD56negCD16(+) NK cells are activated mature NK cells with impaired effector function during HIV-1 infection","volume":"10","author":"Milush","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.10.002","article-title":"NKp46 is an NK cell fungicidal pattern recognition receptor","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.167","article-title":"Two modes of lytic granule fusion during degranulation by natural killer cells","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7682337","article-title":"Preferential migration of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta","volume":"260","author":"Taub","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250113","article-title":"Actions of the chemotactic cytokines MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta on human monocytes","volume":"25","author":"Uguccioni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092258599","article-title":"Recognition of a virus-encoded ligand by a natural killer cell activation receptor","volume":"99","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.08.003","article-title":"CD56 negative NK cells: origin, function, and role in chronic viral disease","volume":"31","author":"Bjorkstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.7.3555","article-title":"Cutting edge: role of toll-like receptor 9 in CpG DNA-induced activation of human cells","volume":"167","author":"Takeshita","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425218","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 binds single-stranded CpG-DNA in a sequence- and pH-dependent manner","author":"Rutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.940-946.2006","article-title":"Activation of toll-like receptor 9 by DNA from different bacterial species","volume":"74","author":"Dalpke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.4067","article-title":"Deoxynucleic acids from Cryptococcus neoformans activate myeloid dendritic cells via a TLR9-dependent pathway","volume":"180","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00047-08","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9-dependent immune activation by unmethylated CpG motifs in Aspergillus fumigatus DNA","volume":"76","author":"Ramirez-Ortiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00840-08","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9-dependent activation of myeloid dendritic cells by Deoxynucleic acids from Candida albicans","volume":"77","author":"Miyazato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404556","article-title":"Phagocytosis-dependent activation of a TLR9-BTK-calcineurin-NFAT pathway co-ordinates innate immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"7","author":"Herbst","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02344\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T04:55:04Z","timestamp":1540184104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02344\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02344","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]]},"article-number":"2344"}}