{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:03:47Z","timestamp":1791687827171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003887","name":"International Myeloma Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,25]],"date-time":"2018-10-25T07:11:12Z","timestamp":1540451472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Role of Osteocytes in Myeloma Bone Disease: Anti-sclerostin Antibody as New Therapeutic Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Toscani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Bolzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22403","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease","volume":"109","author":"Roodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2741","article-title":"The Proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib maintains Osteocyte viability in multiple myeloma patients by reducing both apoptosis and autophagy: a new function for proteasome inhibitors","volume":"31","author":"Toscani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.381","article-title":"Increased osteocyte death in multiple myeloma patients: role in myeloma-induced osteoclast formation","volume":"26","author":"Giuliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2808-0","article-title":"Osteocyte control of bone remodeling: is sclerostin a key molecular coordinator of the balanced bone resorption-formation cycles?","volume":"25","author":"Sapir-Koren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1703","article-title":"Bidirectional notch signaling and Osteocyte-derived factors in the bone marrow microenvironment promote tumor cell proliferation and bone destruction in multiple myeloma","volume":"76","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-03-773341","article-title":"Inhibiting the osteocyte-specific protein sclerostin increases bone mass and fracture resistance in multiple myeloma","volume":"129","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27342","article-title":"Elevated circulating sclerostin correlates with advanced disease features and abnormal bone remodeling in symptomatic myeloma: reduction post-bortezomib monotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Terpos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.152","article-title":"Genetic deletion of Sost or pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin prevent multiple myeloma-induced bone disease without affecting tumor growth","volume":"31","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.019","article-title":"Effects of sclerostin antibodies in animal models of osteoporosis","volume":"96","author":"Ominsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2351","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind phase 2 clinical trial of blosozumab, a sclerostin antibody, in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density","volume":"30","author":"Recker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607948","article-title":"Romosozumab treatment in Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"375","author":"Cosman","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1159\/000146907","article-title":"Osteocyte differentiation in the tibia of newborn rabbit: an ultrastructural study of the formation of cytoplasmic processes","volume":"137","author":"Palumbo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Anat."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.02.016","article-title":"Quantifying the osteocyte network in the human skeleton","volume":"75","author":"Buenzli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90134-K","article-title":"Morphological study of intercellular junctions during osteocyte differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Palumbo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290050145","article-title":"Stromal cell structure and relationships in perimedullary spaces of chick embryo shaft bones","volume":"197","author":"Palazzini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anat Embryol."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"133","article-title":"The osteocyte as a wiring transmission system","volume":"1","author":"Marotti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218759371","article-title":"The bone remodelling cycle","volume":"55","author":"Kenkre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.320","article-title":"The amazing osteocyte","volume":"26","author":"Bonewald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.20888","article-title":"Bone cell interactions through Eph\/ephrin: bone modeling, remodeling and associated diseases","volume":"6","author":"Matsuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Adh Migr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3074","article-title":"WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments","volume":"19","author":"Baron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1026","article-title":"The osteocyte: an endocrine cell\u2026 and more","volume":"34","author":"Dallas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Revi."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2014.56","article-title":"The reversal phase of the bone-remodeling cycle: cellular prerequisites for coupling resorption and formation","volume":"3","author":"Delaisse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.228","article-title":"Vitamin D endocrine system and osteocytes","volume":"3","author":"Lanske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.215","article-title":"Coupling the activities of bone formation and resorption: a multitude of signals within the basic multicellular unit","volume":"3","author":"Sims","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000049","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000049","article-title":"The osteocyte: key player in regulating bone turnover","volume":"1","author":"Goldring","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00041","article-title":"Coupling signals between the Osteoclast and Osteoblast: how are messages transmitted between these temporary visitors to the bone surface?","volume":"6","author":"Sims","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138189","article-title":"Osteocytes, not Osteoblasts or lining cells, are the main source of the RANKL required for Osteoclast formation in remodeling bone","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1106","article-title":"Role of Thyroid hormones in skeletal development and bone maintenance","volume":"37","author":"Bassett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.02.003","article-title":"Osteocytes: the master cells in bone remodelling","volume":"28","author":"Prideaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"327","article-title":"Osteocyte-osteoclast morphological relationships and the putative role of osteocytes in bone remodeling","volume":"1","author":"Palumbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00619-6","article-title":"Targeted and nontargeted remodeling","volume":"30","author":"Burr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00642-1","article-title":"Targeted and nontargeted bone remodeling: relationship to basic multicellular unit origination and progression","volume":"30","author":"Parfitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1915-z","article-title":"Osteocyte regulation of bone mineral: a little give and take","volume":"23","author":"Atkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.001","article-title":"Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction","volume":"5","author":"Tatsumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-015-0099-y","article-title":"The osteocyte plays multiple roles in bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Mol Morphol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C934","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00234.2002","article-title":"Mechanical loading: biphasic osteocyte survival and targeting of osteoclasts for bone destruction in rat cortical bone","volume":"284","author":"Noble","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080207","article-title":"Apoptotic bodies convey activity capable of initiating osteoclastogenesis and localized bone destruction","volume":"23","author":"Kogianni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.05.003","article-title":"Osteoblast and osteocyte: games without frontiers","volume":"561","author":"Capulli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"331","article-title":"Osteocytes as multifunctional cells","volume":"6","author":"Bonewald","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1138\/20060233","article-title":"Mechanosensation and transduction in osteocytes","volume":"3","author":"Bonewald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bonekey Osteovision"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.12.224","article-title":"Osteocytes, mechanosensing and Wnt signaling","volume":"42","author":"Bonewald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.02.031","article-title":"Effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on osteocytes in the regulation of osteoclasts","volume":"46","author":"Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1194-5","article-title":"Osteocyte: the unrecognized side of bone tissue","volume":"21","author":"Rochefort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-013-0101-2","article-title":"Mechanobiology of bone","volume":"25","author":"Iolascon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900536","article-title":"Osteocyte-bone lining cell system at the origin of steady ionic current in damaged amphibian bone","volume":"63","author":"Rubinacci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","article-title":"Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression","volume":"17","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e8","article-title":"Regulation of Osteoclast differentiation by cytokine networks","volume":"18","author":"Amarasekara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8698","article-title":"TNFalpha and RANKL promote osteoclastogenesis by upregulating RANK via the NFkappaB pathway","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.77","article-title":"The bone lining cell: its role in cleaning Howship's lacunae and initiating bone formation","volume":"17","author":"Everts","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.041087","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling","volume":"285","author":"Raggatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.05.012","article-title":"Bidirectional ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling controls bone homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.012","article-title":"Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling and disease","volume":"149","author":"Clevers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2154","article-title":"Insights into the mechanisms of sclerostin action in regulating bone mass accrual","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1491","article-title":"DNA methylation contributes to the regulation of sclerostin expression in human osteocytes","volume":"27","author":"Delgado-Calle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1905","article-title":"Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role for osteocytes in mineral metabolism","volume":"38","author":"Feng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1138\/20110516","article-title":"Bone mineralization and regulation of phosphate homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Sapir-Koren","year":"2011","journal-title":"IBMS BoneKEy"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509338340","article-title":"Sclerostin in mineralized matrices and van Buchem disease","volume":"88","author":"van Bezooijen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19883","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413274200","article-title":"Sclerostin binds to LRP5\/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28551","article-title":"Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling","volume":"116","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.09.047","article-title":"Osteocytes as mechanosensors in the inhibition of bone resorption due to mechanical loading","volume":"42","author":"You","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025900","article-title":"Sclerostin stimulates osteocyte support of osteoclast activity by a RANKL-dependent pathway","volume":"6","author":"Wijenayaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1941","article-title":"RANKL subcellular trafficking and regulatory mechanisms in osteocytes","volume":"28","author":"Honma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081206","article-title":"Sclerostin antibody treatment increases bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10890","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807994200","article-title":"Characterization of the structural features and interactions of sclerostin: molecular insight into a key regulator of Wnt-mediated bone formation","volume":"284","author":"Veverka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.14","article-title":"Two doses of sclerostin antibody in cynomolgus monkeys increases bone formation, bone mineral density, and bone strength","volume":"25","author":"Ominsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2152","article-title":"Tissue-level mechanisms responsible for the increase in bone formation and bone volume by sclerostin antibody","volume":"29","author":"Ominsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.12.013","article-title":"Time-dependent cellular and transcriptional changes in the osteoblast lineage associated with sclerostin antibody treatment in ovariectomized rats","volume":"84","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2482","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of laser capture microdissected subpopulations of the osteoblast lineage provides insight into the early response to Sclerostin antibody in rats","volume":"30","author":"Nioi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1905","article-title":"Progressive increases in bone mass and bone strength in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis after 26 weeks of treatment with a sclerostin antibody","volume":"155","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11505","article-title":"A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair","volume":"7","author":"Florio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.173","article-title":"Single-dose, placebo-controlled, randomized study of AMG 785, a sclerostin monoclonal antibody","volume":"26","author":"Padhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.07.036","article-title":"Administration of romosozumab improves vertebral trabecular and cortical bone as assessed with quantitative computed tomography and finite element analysis","volume":"81","author":"Graeff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305224","article-title":"Romosozumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density","volume":"370","author":"McClung","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708322","article-title":"Romosozumab or Alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis","volume":"377","author":"Saag","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3143","article-title":"BPS804 anti-sclerostin antibody in adults with moderate osteogenesis imperfecta: results of a randomized phase 2a trial","volume":"32","author":"Glorieux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2278","article-title":"Mechanical load increases in bone formation via a sclerostin-independent pathway","volume":"29","author":"Morse","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E252","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3278","article-title":"Serum Dickkopf 1 levels in sclerostin deficiency","volume":"99","author":"van Lierop","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2489","article-title":"The effect of discontinuing treatment with blosozumab: follow-up results of a phase 2 randomized clinical trial in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density","volume":"30","author":"Recknor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"364","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.336","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease","volume":"23","author":"Roodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08141.x","article-title":"Advances in the understanding of myeloma bone disease and tumour growth","volume":"149","author":"Yaccoby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13502","article-title":"Bisphosphonate guidelines for treatment and prevention of myeloma bone disease","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern Med J."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.2.671","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha is a potential osteoclast stimulatory factor in multiple myeloma","volume":"96","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.4838","article-title":"Marrow stromal cells and osteoclast precursors differentially contribute to TNF-alpha-induced osteoclastogenesis in vivo","volume":"173","author":"Kitaura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1992","article-title":"IL-3 expression by myeloma cells increases both osteoclast formation and growth of myeloma cells","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-12-4986","article-title":"Myeloma cells block RUNX2\/CBFA1 activity in human bone marrow osteoblast progenitors and inhibit osteoblast formation and differentiation","volume":"106","author":"Giuliani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-026112","article-title":"Multiple myeloma bone disease: pathophysiology of osteoblast inhibition","volume":"108","author":"Giuliani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12578","article-title":"The osteoblastic niche in the context of multiple myeloma","volume":"1335","author":"Toscani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1080","article-title":"IL-3 is a potential inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation in multiple myeloma","volume":"106","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911929107","article-title":"Activin A promotes multiple myeloma-induced osteolysis and is a promising target for myeloma bone disease","volume":"107","author":"Vallet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-12-4940","article-title":"Myeloma cells suppress bone formation by secreting a soluble Wnt inhibitor, sFRP-2","volume":"106","author":"Oshima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7665","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-4666","article-title":"Production of Wnt inhibitors by myeloma cells: potential effects on canonical Wnt pathway in the bone microenvironment","volume":"67","author":"Giuliani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.259","article-title":"Osteolytic lesions, cytogenetic features and bone marrow levels of cytokines and chemokines in multiple myeloma patients: role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20","volume":"30","author":"Palma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2322","article-title":"Metastases and multiple myeloma generate distinct transcriptional footprints in osteocytes in vivo","volume":"214","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.028","article-title":"Bisphosphonate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with a dose dependent increase in serum sclerostin","volume":"50","author":"Gatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.03.018","article-title":"SOST is a target gene for PTH in bone","volume":"37","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002942","article-title":"Control of bone mass and remodeling by PTH receptor signaling in osteocytes","volume":"3","author":"O'Brien","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.02.010","article-title":"Bone marrow plasma macrophage inflammatory protein protein-1 alpha(MIP-1 alpha) and sclerostin in multiple myeloma: relationship with bone disease and clinical characteristics","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leuk Res."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2011.22","article-title":"Myeloma cells suppress osteoblasts through sclerostin secretion","volume":"1","author":"Colucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2789","article-title":"Regulation of Sclerostin expression in multiple myeloma by Dkk-1: a potential therapeutic strategy for myeloma bone disease","volume":"31","author":"Eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600460","article-title":"FGF-20 and DKK1 are transcriptional targets of beta-catenin and FGF-20 is implicated in cancer and development","volume":"24","author":"Chamorro","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02467\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T07:01:30Z","timestamp":1572246090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02467\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02467","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"article-number":"2467"}}