{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:21:45Z","timestamp":1791908505455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T06:17:07Z","timestamp":1546841827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["IRF4 and IRGs Delineate Clinically Relevant Gene Expression Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Alperi-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Caminal-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Ballina-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140554","article-title":"Type I IFNs as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: towards disease profiling and personalized medicine","volume":"128","author":"Rodriguez-Carrio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2881","article-title":"Overview of the biology of type I interferons","volume":"12","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32835c7e32","article-title":"The interferon signature in autoimmune diseases","volume":"25","author":"R\u00f6nnblom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150326","article-title":"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma share activation of a common type I interferon pathway","volume":"70","author":"Higgs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364438","article-title":"Expression of a pathogen-response program in peripheral blood cells defines a subgroup of rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"9","author":"van","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.063412","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis subtypes identified by genomic profiling of peripheral blood cells: assignment of a type I interferon signature in a subpopulation of patients","volume":"66","author":"van","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.31","article-title":"Type I interferon in rheumatic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Muskardin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141366","article-title":"The need for preclinical biomarkers in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"42","author":"Landolt-Marticorena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.157","article-title":"Validation of new biomarkers in systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"7","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013052","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for whom previous disease modifying antirheumatic drug treatment has failed","volume":"63","author":"van","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.05.009","article-title":"Prediction of response to targeted treatment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"92","author":"Wijbrandts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066761","article-title":"Adalimumab alone and in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: the research in active rheumatoid arthritis (ReAct) trial","volume":"66","author":"Burmester","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5A0616-258R","article-title":"Neutrophil biomarkers predict response to therapy with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"101","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.009","article-title":"Type I interferon [corrected] gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors","volume":"25","author":"Honda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.623","article-title":"IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense","volume":"19","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5457","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12881","article-title":"The interferon regulatory factors as novel potential targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(88)91307-4","article-title":"Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements","volume":"54","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(05)80086-8","article-title":"Targeted disruption of IRF-1 or IRF-2 results in abnormal type I IFN gene induction and aberrant lymphocyte development","volume":"75","author":"Matsuyama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23613","article-title":"Association of the IRF5 risk haplotype with high serum interferon-alpha activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"58","author":"Niewold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03308","article-title":"Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors","volume":"434","author":"Takaoka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03464","article-title":"IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses","volume":"434","author":"Honda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000114","article-title":"NF-kappa B RelA subunit is crucial for early IFN-beta expression and resistance to RNA virus replication","volume":"185","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.5.2714","article-title":"Regulation of type I interferon gene expression by interferon regulatory factor-3","volume":"273","author":"Schafer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10968","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.10968-10977.2005","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus suppresses RIG-I-mediated IRF-3 activation to block induction of beta interferon","volume":"79","author":"Fensterl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01113.x","article-title":"The diverse roles of IRF4 in late germinal center B-cell differentiation","volume":"247","author":"De","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344279","article-title":"IRF4 at the crossroads of effector T-cell fate decision","volume":"44","author":"Huber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025812","article-title":"Shared and distinct functions of the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8 in myeloid cell development","volume":"6","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1065-3","article-title":"The type I interferon signature in leukocyte subsets from peripheral blood of patients with early arthritis: a major contribution by granulocytes","volume":"18","author":"de","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12089","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12089","article-title":"Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Raj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39730","article-title":"Brief report: irf4 newly identified as a common susceptibility locus for systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in a cross-disease meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"68","author":"L\u00f3pez-Isac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202514","article-title":"Role of IRF4 in IFN-stimulated gene induction and maintenance of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency in primary effusion lymphoma cells","volume":"191","author":"Forero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508327102","article-title":"Negative regulation of Toll-like-receptor signaling by IRF-4","volume":"102","author":"Negishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199709)40:9<1725::AID-ART29>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","article-title":"2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American college of rheumatology\/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"62","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"705","article-title":"ACR and EULAR improvement criteria have comparable validity in rheumatoid arthritis trials","volume":"26","author":"Van","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.02007","article-title":"heterogeneity of the type i interferon signature in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential limitation for its use as a clinical biomarker","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0564-y","article-title":"Effect of prednisone on type I interferon signature in rheumatoid arthritis: consequences for response prediction to rituximab","volume":"17","author":"de","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1191-y","article-title":"Type I interferon response gene expression in established rheumatoid arthritis is not associated with clinical parameters","volume":"18","author":"De","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-0946-9","article-title":"Physiological evidence for diversification of IFN\u03b1- and IFN\u03b2-mediated response programs in different autoimmune diseases","volume":"18","author":"de","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.02.015","article-title":"A multi-parameter response prediction model for rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"85","author":"de","year":"2017","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147199","article-title":"Pharmacological induction of interferon type I activity following treatment with rituximab determines clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Vosslamber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24198-1","article-title":"A novel two-score system for interferon status segregates autoimmune diseases and correlates with clinical features","volume":"8","author":"El-Sherbiny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213386","article-title":"Prediction of autoimmune connective tissue disease in an at-risk cohort: prognostic value of a novel two-score system for interferon status","volume":"77","author":"Md","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.207","article-title":"Gene expression omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository","volume":"30","author":"Edgar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/2346101","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024828","article-title":"Importance of correlation between gene expression levels: application to the type i interferon signature in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Reynier","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.12.4274","article-title":"Interferon consensus sequence binding protein and interferon regulatory factor-4\/Pip form a complex that represses the expression of the interferon-stimulated gene-15 in macrophages","volume":"94","author":"Rosenbauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0907-y","article-title":"The multifaceted balance of TNF-\u03b1 and type I\/II interferon responses in SLE and RA: how monocytes manage the impact of cytokines","volume":"90","author":"Smiljanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27226","article-title":"Association of the response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists with plasma type I interferon activity and interferon-\u03b2\/\u03b1 ratios in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of a predominantly hispanic cohort","volume":"62","author":"Mavragani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/38.4.362","article-title":"The effects of interferon beta treatment on arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Tak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<270::AID-ANR5>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"The effects of interferon-beta treatment of synovial inflammation and expression of metalloproteinases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Smeets","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208001","article-title":"Increased pretreatment serum IFN-\u03b2\/\u03b1 ratio predicts non-response to tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"75","author":"Wampler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34544","article-title":"The interferon signature and STAT1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid macrophages are induced by tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 and counter-regulated by the synovial fluid microenvironment","volume":"64","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31304","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308975200","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor-kappaB in the antiviral action of interferon and interferon-regulated gene expression","volume":"279","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03085\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T17:58:48Z","timestamp":1573667928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03085\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"article-number":"3085"}}