{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:25:44Z","timestamp":1782199544599,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T23:11:36Z","timestamp":1549408296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA in the CSF: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyue","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Titulaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050","article-title":"Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma","volume":"61","author":"Dalmau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70225-4","article-title":"Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: a cause of psychiatric, seizure, and movement disorders in young adults","volume":"7","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689","article-title":"N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in herpes simplex encephalitis","volume":"72","author":"Pruss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2718-3","article-title":"Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with intracranial Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00580.x","article-title":"Epileptic encephalitis: the role of the innate and adaptive immune system","volume":"22","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.01.016","article-title":"Elevated neuron-specific enolase and S100 calcium-binding protein B concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis","volume":"480","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.01.005","article-title":"Emerging role of damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria in inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Krysko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2975","article-title":"Mitochondria in innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000160","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial DNA: a novel DAMP in pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Walko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2016.12.003","article-title":"Increased levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Varhaug","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161656","article-title":"Utility of CSF cytokine\/chemokines as markers of active intrathecal inflammation: comparison of demyelinating, anti-NMDAR and Enteroviral Encephalitis","author":"Kothur","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005152","article-title":"Influence of stroke infarct location on functional outcome measured by the modified rankin scale","volume":"45","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24515","article-title":"Reduced cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial DNA is a biomarker for early-stage Parkinson's disease","volume":"78","author":"Pyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","article-title":"Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury","volume":"464","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.21","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology","volume":"17","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.157","article-title":"Mitochondria in innate immunity","volume":"12","author":"Arnoult","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.981915","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa activation of the inflammasome and is downregulated by autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Jabir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181cd8c08","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA is released by shock and activates neutrophils via p38 map kinase","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.009","article-title":"Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis","volume":"36","author":"Shimada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510379247","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: significance of interleukin-6","volume":"16","author":"Uzawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2178::AID-IMMU2178>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"IL-6-deficient mice resist myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"28","author":"Eugster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017385108","article-title":"Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"108","author":"Chihara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S2173-5808(10)70068-7","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity in lateral amyotrophic sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Matias-Guiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2016.07.002","article-title":"Histological changes in the rat brain and spinal cord following prolonged intracerebroventricular infusion of cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients are similar to those caused by the disease","volume":"33","author":"Gomez-Pinedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24083","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity","volume":"75","author":"Armangue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1549537615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"article-number":"103"}}