{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:07:03Z","timestamp":1789542423657,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T14:04:53Z","timestamp":1550757893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Crucial Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing via Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors for the Defense of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Hafner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Castiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Kovarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Poth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Herster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander N. R.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Dalpke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Eigenbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401850","article-title":"TLR signaling","volume":"13","author":"Kawai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1443.020","article-title":"Toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling","volume":"1143","author":"Kawai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00461","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling pathways","volume":"5","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","article-title":"Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3","volume":"413","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400937101","article-title":"Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7","volume":"101","author":"Lund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.3989","article-title":"Cutting edge: innate immune system discriminates between RNA containing bacterial versus eukaryotic structural features that prime for high-level IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells","volume":"172","author":"Koski","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838978","article-title":"Bacterial RNA is recognized by different sets of immunoreceptors","volume":"39","author":"Eberle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2010.189","article-title":"Macrophages recognize streptococci through bacterial single-stranded RNA","volume":"12","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00102","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00102","article-title":"Sequence specific detection of bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA by TLR13","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220363","article-title":"TLR13 recognizes bacterial 23S rRNA devoid of erythromycin resistance-forming modification","volume":"337","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403173","article-title":"TLR8 Senses bacterial RNA in Human monocytes and plays a nonredundant role for recognition of Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"195","author":"Eigenbrod","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1297","article-title":"The Unc93b1 mutation 3d disrupts exogenous antigen presentation and signaling via Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9","volume":"7","author":"Tabeta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00291","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00291","article-title":"UNC93B1 mediates differential trafficking of endosomal TLRs","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01680-07","article-title":"Immune recognition of Streptococcus pyogenes by dendritic cells","volume":"76","author":"Loof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.2.279","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19879","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802848200","article-title":"Group A streptococcus activates type I interferon production and MyD88-dependent signaling without involvement of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9","volume":"283","author":"Gratz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090422","article-title":"Aberrant inflammatory response to Streptococcus pyogenes in mice lacking myeloid differentiation factor 88","volume":"176","author":"Loof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119727","article-title":"Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2","volume":"10","author":"Fieber","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005682","article-title":"Conquering neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"Dohrmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80631","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin schedules apoptosis of pathogen-engaged neutrophils during bacterial infection","volume":"127","author":"Ebner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.4.953-958.1996","article-title":"Sequencing emm-specific PCR products for routine and accurate typing of group A streptococci","volume":"34","author":"Beall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2648","article-title":"Molecular insight into invasive group A streptococcal disease","volume":"9","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101464","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101464","article-title":"The innate immune response elicited by Group A Streptococcus is highly variable among clinical isolates and correlates with the emm type","volume":"9","author":"Dinis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006726","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006726","article-title":"Strains of bacterial species induce a greatly varied acute adaptive immune response: The contribution of the accessory genome","volume":"14","author":"Sela","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.003.","article-title":"Type I interferon signaling prevents IL-1beta-Driven lethal systemic hyperinflammation during invasive bacterial infection of soft tissue","volume":"19","author":"Castiglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090845","article-title":"Maternal TLR signaling is required for prenatal asthma protection by the nonpathogenic microbe Acinetobacter lwoffii F78","volume":"206","author":"Conrad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6533","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300324","article-title":"Early inhibition of IL-1beta expression by IFN-gamma is mediated by impaired binding of NF-kappaB to the IL-1beta promoter but is independent of nitric oxide","volume":"190","author":"Eigenbrod","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2089","article-title":"Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen","volume":"180","author":"Zal","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00519","article-title":"Physical interaction of T cells with dendritic cells is not required for the immunomodulatory effects of the edible mushroom Agaricus subrufescens","volume":"7","author":"Wilbers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001345","article-title":"Type I interferon production induced by Streptococcus pyogenes-derived nucleic acids is required for host protection","volume":"7","author":"Gratz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.016","article-title":"Coactivation of Syk kinase and MyD88 adaptor protein pathways by bacteria promotes regulatory properties of neutrophils","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803302981305","article-title":"Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (second of two parts)","volume":"298","author":"Babior","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803232981205","article-title":"Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (first of two parts)","volume":"298","author":"Babior","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119473","article-title":"Perspectives series: host\/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity","volume":"99","author":"Fang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1501","article-title":"Reactivation of latent leishmaniasis by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"183","author":"Stenger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5243","article-title":"Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis","volume":"94","author":"MacMicking","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122753","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae induces autophagy through the inhibition of the PI3K-I\/Akt\/mTOR pathway and ROS hypergeneration in A549 cells","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-058-8_21","article-title":"Murine model of cutaneous infection with Streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"602","author":"Medina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3970","article-title":"Cellular activation, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity against group B streptococcus involve parallel myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and independent signaling pathways","volume":"169","author":"Henneke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000329550","article-title":"Importance of Toll-like receptor 9 in host defense against M1T1 group A Streptococcus infections","volume":"4","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Innate Immun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103258","article-title":"Bacterial RNA mediates activation of caspase-1 and IL-1beta release independently of TLRs 3, 7, 9 and TRIF but is dependent on UNC93B","volume":"189","author":"Eigenbrod","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802560","article-title":"Kinetic of RelA activation controls magnitude of TLR-mediated IL-12p40 induction","volume":"182","author":"Bode","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1001","article-title":"Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity","volume":"3","author":"Trinchieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0068-4","article-title":"Recognition of microbial viability via TLR8 drives TFH cell differentiation and vaccine responses","volume":"19","author":"Ugolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10072","article-title":"Detection of prokaryotic mRNA signifies microbial viability and promotes immunity","volume":"474","author":"Sander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-3-629","article-title":"Extensive genetic diversity among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M5","volume":"144","author":"Desai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00576-0","article-title":"Molecular basis of group A streptococcal virulence","volume":"3","author":"Bisno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.6.2095","article-title":"Human keratinocytes contain mRNA indistinguishable from monocyte interleukin 1 alpha and beta mRNA. Keratinocyte epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor is identical to interleukin 1","volume":"164","author":"Kupper","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.008","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus virulent PSMalpha peptides induce keratinocyte alarmin release to orchestrate IL-17-dependent skin inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Nakagawa","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1603","article-title":"Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00391","article-title":"The interleukin-1alpha precursor is biologically active and is likely a key alarmin in the IL-1 family of cytokines","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.87","article-title":"IL-1alpha released from damaged epithelial cells is sufficient and essential to trigger inflammatory responses in human lung fibroblasts","volume":"7","author":"Suwara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00198\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T09:15:15Z","timestamp":1606554915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00198\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"article-number":"198"}}