{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:59:40Z","timestamp":1790755180074,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010115","name":"R\u00e9gion Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T05:20:49Z","timestamp":1552972849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Drug Repurposing Approaches for the Treatment of Influenza Viral Infection: Reviving Old Drugs to Fight Against a Long-Lived Enemy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Pizzorno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Padey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Terrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rosa-Calatrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study","volume":"391","author":"Iuliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1193","article-title":"Direct medical costs of bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"118","author":"Pelletier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2613","article-title":"Influenza A viruses: new research developments","volume":"9","author":"Medina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0002-y","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"4","author":"Krammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30129-0","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"390","author":"Paules","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1321722","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Restivo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1026497","article-title":"The development and manufacture of influenza vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Buckland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.09.007","article-title":"The pathway to a universal influenza vaccine","volume":"47","author":"Paules","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines6020024","article-title":"Development and regulation of novel influenza virus vaccines: a United States young scientist perspective","volume":"6","author":"Khurana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.11.020","article-title":"Neuraminidase inhibitors: who, when, where?","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen-Van-Tam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0288-0","article-title":"Widespread use of neuraminidase inhibitors in Japan","volume":"17","author":"Sugaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) Influenza and Other Influenza Viruses2009"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050740","article-title":"Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza","volume":"353","author":"Moscona","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12047","article-title":"Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: antiviral action and mechanisms of resistance","volume":"7","author":"McKimm-Breschkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00351.x","article-title":"Single-dose inhaled laninamivir: registered in Japan and its potential role in control of influenza epidemics","volume":"7","author":"Sunagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008965.pub4","article-title":"Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children","author":"Jefferson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62449-1","article-title":"Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"385","author":"Dobson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix127","article-title":"Impact of outpatient neuraminidase inhibitor treatment in patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 at high risk of hospitalization: an individual participant data metaanalysis","volume":"64","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4929","DOI":"10.3390\/v7092850","article-title":"Clinical implications of antiviral resistance in influenza","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S36601","article-title":"Influenza treatment and prophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors: a review","volume":"6","author":"Kamali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.02.003","article-title":"Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2013-2014","volume":"117","author":"Takashita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1111078","article-title":"Community transmission of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza","volume":"365","author":"Hurt","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4794","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5794","article-title":"Generation and characterization of influenza A viruses with altered polymerase fidelity","volume":"5","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001967","article-title":"Experimental treatment with favipiravir for ebola virus disease (the JIKI Trial): a historically controlled, single-arm proof-of-concept trial in Guinea","volume":"13","author":"Sissoko","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.11.013","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections: presentations on antivirals, traditional therapies and host-directed interventions at the 5th ISIRV Antiviral Group conference","volume":"149","author":"McKimm-Breschkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.10.008","article-title":"In vitro characterization of baloxavir acid, a first-in-class cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor of the influenza virus polymerase PA subunit","volume":"160","author":"Noshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716197","article-title":"Baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents","volume":"379","author":"Hayden","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"Roche Announces FDA Approval of Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) for Influenza"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27890-4","article-title":"Characterization of influenza virus variants induced by treatment with the endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil","volume":"8","author":"Omoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"703","article-title":"Serological evidence for prevention of influenzal infection in volunteers by an anti-influenzal drug adamantanamine hydrochloride","volume":"161","author":"Jackson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-196905000-00005","article-title":"Treatment of influenza. The therapeutic efficacy of rimantadine HC1 in a naturally occurring influenza A2 outbreak","volume":"257","author":"Rabinovich","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1021\/jm980162u","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship studies of novel carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/363418a0","article-title":"Rational design of potent sialidase-based inhibitors of influenza virus replication","volume":"363","author":"von","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0002679","article-title":"BCX-1812 (RWJ-270201): discovery of a novel, highly potent, orally active, and selective influenza neuraminidase inhibitor through structure-based drug design","volume":"43","author":"Babu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00333-08","article-title":"CS-8958, a prodrug of the new neuraminidase inhibitor R-125489, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity","volume":"53","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020301400502","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activities of anti-influenza virus compound T-705","volume":"46","author":"Furuta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3595","article-title":"Overcoming drug development bottlenecks with repurposing: old drugs learn new tricks","volume":"20","author":"Strittmatter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"29631295Novel Drug Approvals for 2018.2018"},{"key":"B40","unstructured":"Chart Pack: Biopharmaceuticals in Perspective Summer 20182018"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1468","article-title":"Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs","volume":"3","author":"Ashburn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168.","article-title":"Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and recommendations","author":"Pushpakom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/1062936X.2017.1411642","article-title":"Repurposing drugs for use against Zika virus infection","volume":"29","author":"Devillers","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAR QSAR Environ Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00273","article-title":"Giving drugs a second chance: overcoming regulatory and financial hurdles in repurposing approved drugs as cancer therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620711413165","article-title":"The rise, fall and subsequent triumph of thalidomide: lessons learned in drug development","volume":"2","author":"Rehman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2030","article-title":"Sildenafil: from angina to erectile dysfunction to pulmonary hypertension and beyond","volume":"5","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8924","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01429-16","article-title":"Abelson kinase inhibitors are potent inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion","volume":"90","author":"Coleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.118","article-title":"Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drug discovery","volume":"4","author":"Hopkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/462167a","article-title":"Drug discovery: predicting promiscuity","volume":"462","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.12.74","article-title":"Polypharmacology: drug discovery for the future","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2013.01.008","article-title":"Shifting from the single- to the multitarget paradigm in drug discovery","volume":"18","author":"Medina-Franco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"327","article-title":"Chapter 12 - drug repurposing for epigenetic targets guided by computational methods","volume-title":"Epi-Informatics","author":"Naveja","year":""},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.111","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges in phenotypic drug discovery: an industry perspective","volume":"16","author":"Moffat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3480","article-title":"How were new medicines discovered?","volume":"10","author":"Swinney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0128-0","article-title":"Drug repositioning: playing dirty to kill pain","volume":"28","author":"Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.03.006","article-title":"How academic labs can approach the drug discovery process as a way to synergize with big pharma","volume":"21","author":"Loregian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.244","article-title":"Applications of chemogenomic library screening in drug discovery","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1035","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1126","article-title":"DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for \u201comics\u201d research on drugs","volume":"39","author":"Knox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1285-6","article-title":"In silico prediction of novel therapeutic targets using gene\u2013disease association data","volume":"15","author":"Ferrero","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.1","article-title":"Computational drug repositioning: from data to therapeutics","volume":"93","author":"Hurle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707305","article-title":"In silico pharmacology for drug discovery: methods for virtual ligand screening and profiling","volume":"152","author":"Ekins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0709-0_14","article-title":"Systematic drug repurposing through text mining","volume":"1159","author":"Tari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2015.1096926","article-title":"Identification of drug candidates and repurposing opportunities through compound-target interaction networks","volume":"10","author":"Cichonska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.07.016","article-title":"Network-based drug discovery: coupling network pharmacology with phenotypic screening for neuronal excitability","volume":"430","author":"Sidders","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005197","article-title":"Identification of novel genes and pathways regulating SREBP transcriptional activity","volume":"4","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.201100023","article-title":"Associating drugs, targets and clinical outcomes into an integrated network affords a new platform for computer-aided drug repurposing","volume":"30","author":"Oprea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Inform"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.103","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of drug-disease relationships to identify leads for novel drug uses","volume":"86","author":"Chiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8274.CD-10-0020","article-title":"A novel two-stage, transdisciplinary study identifies digoxin as a possible drug for prostate cancer treatment","volume":"1","author":"Platz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S46289","article-title":"Open-source approaches for the repurposing of existing or failed candidate drugs: learning from and applying the lessons across diseases","volume":"7","author":"Allarakhia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0467-9","article-title":"Systems pharmacology: bridging systems biology and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PKPD) in drug discovery and development","volume":"28","author":"van","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020246","article-title":"Systems pharmacology in small molecular drug discovery","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.04.004","article-title":"Drug repurposing for viral infectious diseases: how far are we?","volume":"26","author":"Mercorelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3182","article-title":"Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity","volume":"34","author":"Akpovwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00293","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.293","article-title":"Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases","volume":"5","author":"Al-Bari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00967","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00967-18","article-title":"Clinical regimens of favipiravir inhibit zika virus replication in the hollow-fiber infection model","volume":"62","author":"Pires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.03.003","article-title":"Will omics help to cure the flu?","volume":"22","author":"Ludwig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2015.0003.drrr","article-title":"Repurposing kinase inhibitors as antiviral agents to control influenza a virus replication","volume":"13","author":"Perwitasari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev Technol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.06.018","article-title":"Treating influenza with statins and other immunomodulatory agents","volume":"99","author":"Fedson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1378292","article-title":"Clinician-initiated research on treating the host response to pandemic influenza","volume":"14","author":"Fedson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872370","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/872370","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and efficacy of statins against influenza","volume":"2014","author":"Mehrbod","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29798","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.029470","article-title":"Thiazolides, a new class of anti-influenza molecules targeting viral hemagglutinin at the post-translational level","volume":"284","author":"Rossignol","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.10.002","article-title":"The susceptibility of circulating human influenza viruses to tizoxanide, the active metabolite of nitazoxanide","volume":"147","author":"Tilmanis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00155.x","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase agonists protect against lethal influenza virus challenge in mice","volume":"4","author":"Moseley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00219-07","article-title":"Increased survival after gemfibrozil treatment of severe mouse influenza","volume":"51","author":"Budd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02130","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of BAY 81-8781, a novel NF-\u03baB inhibiting anti-influenza drug","volume":"8","author":"Droebner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0023-3","article-title":"Targeting intracellular signaling as an antiviral strategy: aerosolized LASAG for the treatment of influenza in hospitalized patients","volume":"7","author":"Scheuch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01946","article-title":"Treating influenza infection, from now and into the future","volume":"9","author":"Davidson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011610","article-title":"Pharmacologic inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 in influenza A viral infection in mice","volume":"5","author":"Carey","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R301","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13171","article-title":"Inhibition of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha with etanercept provides protection against lethal H1N1 influenza infection in mice","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.392142","article-title":"Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide, and gemcitabine inhibit influenza a virus infection","volume":"287","author":"Denisova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.07.016","article-title":"Discovery of dapivirine, a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, as a broad-spectrum antiviral against both influenza A and B viruses","volume":"145","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.07.006","article-title":"The clinically approved MEK inhibitor Trametinib efficiently blocks influenza A virus propagation and cytokine expression","volume":"157","author":"Schr\u00e4der","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-018-0844-7","article-title":"Hyphenated 3D-QSAR statistical model-drug repurposing analysis for the identification of potent neuraminidase inhibitor","volume":"76","author":"Rohini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02335-12","article-title":"Structure-based discovery of the novel antiviral properties of naproxen against the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus","volume":"57","author":"Lejal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201511361","article-title":"Drug repurposing identifies inhibitors of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses","volume":"55","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.11.002","article-title":"Influenza virus-host interactome screen as a platform for antiviral drug development","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013169","article-title":"Gene expression signature-based screening identifies new broadly effective influenza a antivirals","volume":"5","author":"Josset","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00060","article-title":"Repurposing of drugs as novel influenza inhibitors from clinical gene expression infection signatures","volume":"10","author":"Pizzorno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.12.71","article-title":"Effect of statin treatments on highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, seasonal and H1N1pdm09 virus infections in BALB\/c mice","volume":"7","author":"Kumaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12479","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705289104","article-title":"Inhibition of the cytokine response does not protect against lethal H5N1 influenza infection","volume":"104","author":"Salomon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.01.017","article-title":"Simvastatin and oseltamivir combination therapy does not improve the effectiveness of oseltamivir alone following highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice","volume":"439","author":"Belser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035788","article-title":"The effect of rosuvastatin in a murine model of influenza A infection","volume":"7","author":"Radigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1126\/science.309.5743.1976a","article-title":"Infectious disease. Old drugs losing effectiveness against flu; could statins fill gap?","volume":"309","author":"Enserink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir695","article-title":"Association between use of statins and mortality among patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections: a multistate study","volume":"205","author":"Vandermeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018120","article-title":"Pre-admission statin use and in-hospital severity of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) disease","volume":"6","author":"Brett","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.07.014","article-title":"Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent","volume":"110","author":"Rossignol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70717-0","article-title":"Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b\/3 trial","volume":"14","author":"Haffizulla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00902.x","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) blocks influenza virus propagation via its NF-kappaB-inhibiting activity","volume":"9","author":"Mazur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/23948","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta","volume":"396","author":"Yin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30931","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403258200","article-title":"NF-kappaB-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas\/FasL is crucial for efficient influenza virus propagation","volume":"279","author":"Wurzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30038","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030038","article-title":"Molecular dynamics studies of the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus: role of the protein flexibility in RNA binding","volume":"7","author":"Tarus","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00557","article-title":"From naproxen repurposing to naproxen analogues and their antiviral activity against influenza A virus","volume":"61","author":"Dilly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.05.005","article-title":"Innovation and trends in the development and approval of antiviral medicines: 1987\u20132017 and beyond","volume":"155","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.017","article-title":"Oseltamivir-zanamivir combination therapy is not superior to zanamivir monotherapy in mice infected with influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses","volume":"105","author":"Pizzorno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.08.002","article-title":"Oseltamivir-zanamivir bitherapy compared to oseltamivir monotherapy in the treatment of pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infections","volume":"96","author":"Escuret","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2128","article-title":"Effect of oseltamivir, zanamivir or oseltamivir-zanamivir combination treatments on transmission of influenza in households","volume":"17","author":"Carrat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03947-14","article-title":"Synergistic effect of nitazoxanide with neuraminidase inhibitors against influenza A viruses in vitro","volume":"59","author":"Belardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.012","article-title":"Efficacy of clarithromycin-naproxen-oseltamivir combination in the treatment of patients hospitalized for influenza A(H3N2) infection: an open-label randomized, controlled, phase IIb\/III trial","volume":"151","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T05:21:59Z","timestamp":1552972919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00531","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"article-number":"531"}}