{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:40:08Z","timestamp":1792010408214,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:14:30Z","timestamp":1556064870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["CD38 in Adenosinergic Pathways and Metabolic Re-programming in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells: In-tandem Insights From Basic Science to Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alberto L.","family":"Horenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Bracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Morandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Malavasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"364","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-568881","article-title":"Pathogenesis beyond the cancer clone(s) in multiple myeloma","volume":"125","author":"Bianchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.11.007","article-title":"Functional insights into nucleotide-metabolizing ectoenzymes expressed by bone marrow-resident cells in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"205","author":"Horenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-007-9054-2","article-title":"Hypoxia-dependent anti-inflammatory pathways in protection of cancerous tissues","volume":"26","author":"Lukashev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10368","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2015","article-title":"Failure of anti tumor-derived endothelial cell immunotherapy depends on augmentation of tumor hypoxia","volume":"5","author":"Pezzolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3839","article-title":"Osteoclasts enhance myeloma cell growth and survival via cell-cell contact: a vicious cycle between bone destruction and myeloma expansion","volume":"104","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12485","article-title":"Unraveling the contribution of ectoenzymes to myeloma life and survival in the bone marrow niche","volume":"1335","author":"Quarona","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00680.x","article-title":"Role of extracellular ATP and P1 and P2 classes of purinergic receptors in T-cell development and cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector functions","volume":"146","author":"Apasov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26246","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.26246","article-title":"A CD38\/CD203a\/CD73 ectoenzymatic pathway independent of CD39 drives a novel adenosinergic loop in human T lymphocytes","volume":"2","author":"Horenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2017.8","article-title":"Targeting A2 adenosine receptors in cancer","volume":"95","author":"Allard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.04.004","article-title":"The \u2018danger' sensors that STOP the immune response: the A2 adenosine receptors?","volume":"26","author":"Sitkovsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00198","article-title":"Adenosine generated in the bone marrow niche through a CD38-mediated pathway correlates with progression of human myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Horenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61188","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and its premalignant precursor","volume":"122","author":"Kuehl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000259","article-title":"Cell autonomous and microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression in precursor states of multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Manier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06793.x","article-title":"Membrane compartments and purinergic signalling: the purinome, a complex interplay among ligands, degrading enzymes, receptors and transporters","volume":"276","author":"Volonte","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67230","article-title":"HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations","volume":"123","author":"Semenza","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-016-0156-6","article-title":"Metabolic requirements for cancer cell proliferation","volume":"4","author":"Keibler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Metab."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.08.021","article-title":"Cancer cell metabolism: Warburg and beyond","volume":"134","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.04.007","article-title":"The link between bone microenvironment and immune cells in multiple myeloma: Emerging role of CD38","volume":"205","author":"Bolzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.03.007","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathways","volume":"205","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2008.00108","article-title":"CD38 and CD157 ectoenzymes mark cell subsets in the human corneal limbus","volume":"15","author":"Horenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"519","article-title":"Contribution of adenosine-producing ectoenzymes to the mechanisms underlying the mitigation of maternal-fetal conflicts","volume":"27","author":"Cecati","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5947","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0229","article-title":"Hypoxia-adenosinergic immunosuppression: tumor protection by T regulatory cells and cancerous tissue hypoxia","volume":"14","author":"Sitkovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/cells4030520","article-title":"NAD+-Metabolizing ectoenzymes in remodeling tumor-host interactions: the human myeloma model","volume":"4","author":"Horenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00305","article-title":"Roles and modalities of ectonucleotidases in remodeling the multiple myeloma niche","volume":"8","author":"Chillemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.292","article-title":"Extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine in cancer","volume":"29","author":"Stagg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00566.x","article-title":"From cancer immunosurveillance to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"220","author":"Stagg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-374728","article-title":"CD73-generated extracellular adenosine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia creates local conditions counteracting drug-induced cell death","volume":"118","author":"Serra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0075","article-title":"Hostile, hypoxia-A2-adenosinergic tumor biology as the next barrier to overcome for tumor immunologists","volume":"2","author":"Sitkovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1436-2","article-title":"ATP and ADP hydrolysis in cell membranes from rat myometrium","volume":"371","author":"Milosevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2017.02.003","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis and high level of lactate in cancer metabolism and microenvironment","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)66740-7","article-title":"The hydrolysis of extracellular adenine nucleotides by cultured endothelial cells from pig aorta. Feed-forward inhibition of adenosine production at the cell surface","volume":"261","author":"Gordon","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00727","article-title":"What else can CD39 tell us?","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001101","article-title":"Inosine alleviates depression-like behavior and increases the activity of the ERK-CREB signaling in adolescent male rats","volume":"29","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.04.015","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of ATP breakdown and of adenosine production in rat brain extracts","volume":"36","author":"Barsotti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2007","article-title":"Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase\/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology","volume":"88","author":"Malavasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90148-1","article-title":"Human CD38: a glycoprotein in search of a function","volume":"15","author":"Malavasi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-740944","article-title":"CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: back to the future","volume":"131","author":"van","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3340","article-title":"The NAD metabolome\u2013a key determinant of cancer cell biology","volume":"12","author":"Chiarugi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.030","article-title":"Cyclic AMP in rat ileum: evidence for the presence of an extracellular cyclic AMP-adenosine pathway","volume":"134","author":"Giron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm911","article-title":"Cyclic nucleotide research \u2013 still expanding after half a century","volume":"3","author":"Beavo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1159\/000488270","article-title":"Activation of adenylyl cyclase causes stimulation of adenosine receptors","volume":"45","author":"Pleli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00019.2007","article-title":"Extracellular calcium and cAMP: second messengers as \u201cthird messengers\u201d?","volume":"22","author":"Hofer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiology."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6979","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.166868","article-title":"Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4\/ABCC4) regulates cAMP cellular levels and controls human leukemia cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"286","author":"Copsel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207793200","article-title":"Equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters mediate influx of extracellular cyclic ADP-ribose into 3T3 murine fibroblasts","volume":"277","author":"Guida","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.003285","article-title":"International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors\u2013an update","volume":"63","author":"Fredholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.11.1643","article-title":"Identification and characterization of an active soluble form of human CD38 in normal and pathological fluids","volume":"8","author":"Funaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050654","article-title":"The human CD38 gene: polymorphism, CpG island, and linkage to the CD157 (BST-1) gene","volume":"49","author":"Ferrero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunogenetics."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00915-8","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 support human osteoclast formation by a RANKL-independent mechanism","volume":"32","author":"Kudo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.051021","article-title":"Human osteoblast precursors produce extracellular adenosine, which modulates their secretion of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin","volume":"21","author":"Evans","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08533.x","article-title":"Blockade of interleukin-6 signalling with siltuximab enhances melphalan cytotoxicity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma","volume":"152","author":"Hunsucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000354194","article-title":"Impact of interleukin-6 in hematological malignancies","volume":"40","author":"Burger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F103","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00567.2015","article-title":"Extracellular purines' action on glomerular albumin permeability in isolated rat glomeruli: insights into the pathogenesis of albuminuria","volume":"311","author":"Kasztan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1458809","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1458809","article-title":"Microvesicles released from multiple myeloma cells are equipped with ectoenzymes belonging to canonical and non-canonical adenosinergic pathways and produce adenosine from ATP and NAD","volume":"7","author":"Morandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.242","article-title":"International staging system for multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Greipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.01.019","article-title":"Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines 2013","volume":"88","author":"Mikhael","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2009.02.004","article-title":"Staging systems and prognostic factors as a guide to therapeutic decisions in multiple myeloma","volume":"46","author":"Kyrtsonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Hematol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-707547","article-title":"Osteoclasts promote immune suppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma: therapeutic implication","volume":"128","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56598","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17896","article-title":"Expression of CD38 in myeloma bone niche: a rational basis for the use of anti-CD38 immunotherapy to inhibit osteoclast formation","volume":"8","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009617666170214102301","article-title":"Multiple myeloma and the immune microenvironment","volume":"17","author":"Kawano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Drug Targets."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.116392","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment at a glance","volume":"125","author":"Balkwill","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.024","article-title":"Increased tumor glycolysis characterizes immune resistance to adoptive t cell therapy","volume":"27","author":"Cascone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.336","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease","volume":"23","author":"Roodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.012","article-title":"Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.67","article-title":"Tumor cells hijack macrophages via lactic acid","volume":"92","author":"Bronte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e306","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2015.32","article-title":"The cellular immune system in myelomagenesis: NK cells and T cells in the development of myeloma [corrected] and their uses in immunotherapies","volume":"5","author":"Dosani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-448548","article-title":"Tumor-promoting immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the multiple myeloma microenvironment in humans","volume":"121","author":"Gorgun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-1795","article-title":"Tumor-derived lactic acid modulates dendritic cell activation and antigen expression","volume":"107","author":"Gottfried","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.011","article-title":"LDHA-associated lactic acid production blunts tumor immunosurveillance by T and NK cells","volume":"24","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.04.001","article-title":"Immunosuppressive activities of adenosine in cancer","volume":"29","author":"Allard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00190","article-title":"The development and immunosuppressive functions of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are under influence of the adenosine-A2A adenosine receptor pathway","volume":"3","author":"Ohta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500591","article-title":"CD56brightCD16- NK cells produce adenosine through a CD38-mediated pathway and act as regulatory cells inhibiting autologous CD4+ T cell proliferation","volume":"195","author":"Morandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00109","article-title":"A metabolic immune checkpoint: adenosine in tumor microenvironment","volume":"7","author":"Ohta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14508","article-title":"Interplay between adenylate metabolizing enzymes and AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"285","author":"Camici","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25602","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4693","article-title":"A non-canonical adenosinergic pathway led by CD38 in human melanoma cells induces suppression of T cell proliferation","volume":"6","author":"Morandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-1042","article-title":"Metabolomics identifies pyrimidine starvation as the mechanism of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells","volume":"12","author":"Bardeleben","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39582","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507443200","article-title":"5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D- ribofuranoside inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo via AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"280","author":"Rattan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564687","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/564687","article-title":"CD38 ligation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of myeloma patients induces release of protumorigenic IL-6 and impaired secretion of IFNgamma cytokines and proliferation","volume":"2013","author":"Fedele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0315-101R","article-title":"Unconventional, adenosine-producing suppressor T cells induced by dendritic cells exposed to BPZE1 pertussis vaccine","volume":"98","author":"Fedele","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S457","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.23","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: blockade of adenosinergic effects and T regulatory cells","volume":"153","author":"Sitkovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1734","article-title":"Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade","volume":"271","author":"Leach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01888-9","article-title":"PD-1: an inhibitory immunoreceptor involved in peripheral tolerance","volume":"22","author":"Nishimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701464939","article-title":"Adenosine and anergy","volume":"40","author":"Zarek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmunity."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.05.030","article-title":"Keeping tumors in check: a mechanistic review of clinical response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer","volume":"430","author":"Borcherding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Biol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12531","article-title":"Introduction to checkpoint inhibitors and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"276","author":"Sharpe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.017","article-title":"Primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"168","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.11.007","article-title":"Resistance to PD1\/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition","volume":"52","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.86","article-title":"Targeting immunosuppressive adenosine in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Vijayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1033","article-title":"CD38-mediated immunosuppression as a mechanism of tumor cell escape from PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2017.1316197","article-title":"Targeting adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: a review of recent progress","volume":"17","author":"Whiteside","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0957","article-title":"Antimetastatic effects of blocking PD-1 and the adenosine A2A receptor","volume":"74","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.320","article-title":"Prognostic value of antigen expression in multiple myeloma: a PETHEMA\/GEM study on 1265 patients enrolled in four consecutive clinical trials","volume":"32","author":"Arana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1597.","article-title":"The mechanism of action of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody isatuximab in multiple myeloma","author":"Moreno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33621","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26098","article-title":"Trogocytosis represents a novel mechanism of action of daratumumab in multiple myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Krejcik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.1849.1849","article-title":"Generation and characterization of microvesicles after daratumumab interaction with myeloma cells","volume":"126","author":"Chillemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02134","article-title":"CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma: mechanisms of action and modes of resistance","volume":"9","author":"van","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-14-0341","article-title":"Targeting cancer-derived adenosine: new therapeutic approaches","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7498","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2027","article-title":"Monocytes and granulocytes reduce CD38 expression levels on myeloma cells in patients treated with daratumumab","volume":"23","author":"Krejcik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.727","article-title":"Human CD38 ligand. A 120-KDA protein predominantly expressed on endothelial cells","volume":"156","author":"Deaglio","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8624","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0402","article-title":"The role of platelet\/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31) and CD38 antigens in marrow microenvironmental retention of acute myelogenous leukemia cells","volume":"67","author":"Gallay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5453","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0868","article-title":"Immune therapies in multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.126","article-title":"Recent advances in cancer immunology and immunology-based anticancer therapies","volume":"96","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-160305","article-title":"Antibody mimicry, receptors and clinical applications","volume":"25","author":"Horenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2744","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies: versatile platforms for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Weiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-3-220","article-title":"Developments in therapy with monoclonal antibodies and related proteins","volume":"17","author":"Shepard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1340","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051340","article-title":"Mechanisms of intrinsic tumor resistance to immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Rieth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.2741\/4262","article-title":"The ADP-ribosyl cyclases\u2013 the current evolutionary state of the ARCs","volume":"19","author":"Ferrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112080","article-title":"Identification of malignant plasma cell precursors in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma","volume":"76","author":"Caligaris-Cappio","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2013.00009","article-title":"Anti-CD38 antibody therapy: windows of opportunity yielded by the functional characteristics of the target molecule","volume":"19","author":"Chillemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12389","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 in hematological malignancies and beyond","volume":"270","author":"van","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2018.1443809","article-title":"CD38-targeting antibodies in multiple myeloma: mechanisms of action and clinical experience","volume":"14","author":"Frerichs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2018-2122","article-title":"Induction of structural and functional effects of myeloma cells after daratumumab treatment","volume":"78","author":"Castella","year":"","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040620718822660","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620718822660","article-title":"Immunotherapy in myeloma: how far have we come?","volume":"10","author":"Franssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404485","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia cells constitutively express the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"21","author":"Curti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2017.00084","article-title":"Analytic and dynamic secretory profile of patient-derived cytokine-induced killer cells","volume":"23","author":"Mesiano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00196","article-title":"Cytokine-induced killer cells express CD39, CD38, CD203a, CD73 ectoenzymes and P1 adenosinergic receptors","volume":"9","author":"Horenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2326","article-title":"Increase of CIK cell efficacy by upregulating cell surface MICA and inhibition of NKG2D ligand shedding in multiple myeloma","volume":"35","author":"Nwangwu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.33.1413","article-title":"Influence of pH on heat-induced aggregation and degradation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies","volume":"33","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.297697","article-title":"Elucidation of acid-induced unfolding and aggregation of human immunoglobulin IgG1 and IgG2 Fc","volume":"287","author":"Latypov","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23645","article-title":"Effect of ionic strength and pH on the physical and chemical stability of a monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20727","article-title":"Antibody structure, instability, and formulation","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607751","article-title":"Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma","volume":"375","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606038","article-title":"Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma","volume":"375","author":"Palumbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.006361","article-title":"Adenosine kinase: exploitation for therapeutic gain","volume":"65","author":"Boison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-118603","article-title":"The purine metabolic enzyme AMPD1 is a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma","volume":"132","author":"Kawano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00760\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T19:54:40Z","timestamp":1694807680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00760\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"references-count":128,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"article-number":"760"}}