{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:18:51Z","timestamp":1792624731949,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI109948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI109948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI098723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI098723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 AI079898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 AI079898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008143","name":"Oregon National Primate Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8P51 OD011092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8P51 OD011092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T01:36:57Z","timestamp":1556674617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Slifka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Amanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12640","article-title":"Generation of memory B cells and their reactivation","volume":"283","author":"Inoue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.03.006","article-title":"Plasma cell and memory B cell differentiation from the germinal center","volume":"45","author":"Suan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055531","article-title":"Memory B cells of mice and humans","volume":"35","author":"Weisel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/314537a0","article-title":"Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells","volume":"314","author":"Lanzavecchia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1987.tb01171.x","article-title":"Antigen uptake and accumulation in antigen-specific B cells","volume":"99","author":"Lanzavecchia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80541-5","article-title":"Humoral immunity due to long-lived plasma cells","volume":"8","author":"Slifka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.016","article-title":"Long-lived plasma cells are contained within the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) subset in human bone marrow","volume":"43","author":"Halliley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"219","article-title":"Production of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the rat following immunization with human serum albumin","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"1961","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.86.3.331","article-title":"Autoradiographic observations of plasma cell formation","volume":"86","author":"Schooley","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.115.1.209","article-title":"Autoradiographic studies on the immune response","volume":"115","author":"Nossal","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.115.1.231","article-title":"Autoradiographic studies on the immune response","volume":"115","author":"Makela","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00198-1","article-title":"Antigen dependent and independent mechanisms that sustain serum antibody levels","author":"Traggiai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1886","article-title":"Competence and competition: the challenge of becoming a long-lived plasma cell","volume":"6","author":"Radbruch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00912.x","article-title":"Mechanisms that determine plasma cell lifespan and the duration of humoral immunity","volume":"236","author":"Amanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12656","article-title":"Immunological memories of the bone marrow","volume":"283","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15178","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505539102","article-title":"Immunotherapy using unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibodies in animal models for B lymphocyte malignancies and autoimmune disease","volume":"102","author":"Yazawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800555105","article-title":"Maintenance of the plasma cell pool is independent of memory B cells","volume":"105","author":"Ahuja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.361","article-title":"Maintenance of long-lived plasma cells and serological memory despite mature and memory B cell depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice","volume":"180","author":"DiLillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11181","article-title":"Serologic changes following B lymphocyte depletion therapy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Cambridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737557","article-title":"Levels of autoantibodies, unlike antibodies to all extrinsic antigen groups, fall following B cell depletion with Rituximab","volume":"38","author":"Ferraro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R57","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3770","article-title":"Induction of long-term B-cell depletion in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients preferentially affects autoreactive more than protective humoral immunity","volume":"14","author":"Teng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.008","article-title":"Effect of rituximab on human in vivo antibody immune responses","volume":"128","author":"Pescovitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097087","article-title":"Simultaneous assessment of rotavirus-specific memory B cells and serological memory after B cell depletion therapy with rituximab","volume":"9","author":"Herrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.08.016","article-title":"Treatment with rituximab affects both the cellular and the humoral arm of the immune system in patients with SLE","volume":"122","author":"Vallerskog","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982","article-title":"Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia","volume":"78","author":"Diaz-Manera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-694356","article-title":"Persistence of long-lived plasma cells and humoral immunity in individuals responding to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"128","author":"Bhoj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01901-w","article-title":"Plasma cell survival in the absence of B cell memory","volume":"8","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13838","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13838","article-title":"Temporal stability and molecular persistence of the bone marrow plasma cell antibody repertoire","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-123844","article-title":"The human spleen is a major reservoir for long-lived vaccinia virus-specific memory B cells","volume":"111","author":"Mamani-Matsuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65689","article-title":"B cell depletion in immune thrombocytopenia reveals splenic long-lived plasma cells","volume":"123","author":"Mahevas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4394","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-344051","article-title":"Immunologic effects of rituximab on the human spleen in immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"118","author":"Audia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01497.x","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of rituximab in kidney allotransplantation","volume":"6","author":"Genberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181735723","article-title":"B cell survival in intragraft tertiary lymphoid organs after rituximab therapy","volume":"85","author":"Thaunat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12220","article-title":"A single dose of rituximab does not deplete B cells in secondary lymphoid organs but alters phenotype and function","volume":"13","author":"Kamburova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110740","article-title":"Memory B cells, but not long-lived plasma cells, possess antigen specificities for viral escape mutants","volume":"208","author":"Purtha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00400.x","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccine \u2013 do we need boosters?","volume":"10","author":"Banatvala","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"342","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccines","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Van Damme","year":"2018"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.03.078","article-title":"How advances in immunology provide insight into improving vaccine efficacy","volume":"32","author":"Slifka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"430","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccines","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Schiller","year":"2018"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.079","article-title":"Explanations for the high potency of HPV prophylactic vaccines","author":"Schiller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr319","article-title":"Proof-of-principle evaluation of the efficacy of fewer than three doses of a bivalent HPV16\/18 vaccine","volume":"103","author":"Kreimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0203","article-title":"Durable antibody responses following one dose of the bivalent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial","volume":"6","author":"Safaeian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.36117","article-title":"Comparative humoral and cellular immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16\/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine and HPV-6\/11\/16\/18 vaccine in healthy women aged 18-45 years: follow-up through Month 48 in a Phase III randomized study","volume":"10","author":"Einstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.017","article-title":"Antibody persistence and evidence of immune memory at 5years following administration of the 9-valent HPV vaccine","volume":"35","author":"Guevara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.5.766","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis B: comparison of three different vaccination schedules","volume":"160","author":"Jilg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6549a5","article-title":"Use of a 2-Dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination - updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"65","author":"Meites","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.067","article-title":"Kinetic and HPV infection effects on cross-type neutralizing antibody and avidity responses induced by Cervarix((R))","volume":"31","author":"Kemp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.005","article-title":"Enhanced humoral and memory B cellular immunity using HPV16\/18 L1 VLP vaccine formulated with the MPL\/aluminium salt combination (AS04) compared to aluminium salt only","volume":"24","author":"Giannini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg270","article-title":"Structures of immature flavivirus particles","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-07","article-title":"Structure of immature West Nile virus","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00660-8","article-title":"Structure of dengue virus: implications for flavivirus organization, maturation, and fusion","volume":"108","author":"Kuhn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2463","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the mature dengue virus at 3","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.05.037","article-title":"Persistence of antibodies six years after booster vaccination with inactivated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis","volume":"33","author":"Paulke-Korinek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1274473","article-title":"Persistence of antibodies 20 y after vaccination with a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Van Damme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.008","article-title":"Long-term antibody persistence after vaccination with a 2-dose Havrix (inactivated hepatitis A vaccine): 20 years of observed data, and long-term model-based predictions","volume":"33","author":"Theeten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320270031018","article-title":"Rubella antibody persistence after immunization","volume":"247","author":"Herrmann","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00239-0","article-title":"Measles seroepidemiology and decay rate of vaccine-induced measles IgG titers in Taiwan, 1995-1997","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066092","article-title":"Duration of humoral immunity to common viral and vaccine antigens","volume":"357","author":"Amanna","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi206","article-title":"A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact","volume":"34","author":"Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025009","DOI":"10.1088\/2043-6254\/aa5e1d","article-title":"Characterization of the size distribution and aggregation of virus-like nanoparticles used as active ingredients of the HeberNasvac therapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis B.","volume":"8","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nat. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.12.025","article-title":"Characterization of the disassembly and reassembly of the HBV glycoprotein surface antigen, a pliable nanoparticle vaccine platform","volume":"502","author":"Gallagher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"385","author":"GBD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-148-38578","article-title":"Physical, chemical and morphologic dimensions of human hepatitis A virus strain CR326 (38578)","volume":"148","author":"Provost","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"B64","first-page":"63","article-title":"Electron and immunoelectron microscopic study on liver tissues of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.36.1.320-324.1982","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis A antigen in human liver","volume":"36","author":"Shimizu","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000149314","article-title":"Biophysical and biochemical characterization of hepatitis A virus","volume":"18","author":"Coulepis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14418-2","article-title":"Hepatitis A booster vaccination: is there a need?","volume":"362","author":"Van Damme","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.10.088","article-title":"Model based estimates of long-term persistence of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine-induced antibodies in adults","volume":"32","author":"Hens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901068","article-title":"HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after envelope gp120 protein vaccination or HIV-1 infection","volume":"183","author":"Bonsignori","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13171.x","article-title":"Fine structure of hepatitis B virus surface antigen produced by recombinant yeast: comparison with HBsAg of human origin","volume":"165","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/2181057a0","article-title":"Particles associated with Australia antigen in the sera of patients with leukaemia, Down's Syndrome and hepatitis","volume":"218","author":"Bayer","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.102.6.1529","article-title":"Some antigenic and physical properties of virus-like particles in sera of hepatitis patients","volume":"102","author":"Barker","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(98)00297-7","article-title":"Aggregation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen in Pichia pastoris","volume":"716","author":"Tleugabulova","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1333","article-title":"Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"292","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B75","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza \u2014 United States, 1976-2007","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12258","article-title":"Estimates of mortality attributable to influenza and RSV in the United States during 1997-2009 by influenza type or subtype, age, cause of death, and risk status","volume":"8","author":"Matias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k4136","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4136","article-title":"US had record flu deaths last year, says CDC","volume":"363","author":"Dyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1141","article-title":"Influenza: old and new threats","author":"Palese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01698","article-title":"Immunity toward H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin of historical and contemporary strains suggests protection and vaccine failure","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19478","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.05.19478-en","article-title":"High frequency of cross-reacting antibodies against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus among the elderly in Finland","volume":"15","author":"Ikonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"B81","first-page":"820","article-title":"Influenza A virus recycling revisited","volume":"77","author":"Dowdle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70295-X","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Osterholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-441","article-title":"Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance: effectiveness of influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza, in the late 2011-2012 season in Spain, among population targeted for vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Jimenez-Jorge","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix632","article-title":"Duration of Influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of test-negative design case-control studies","volume":"217","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy770.","article-title":"Intra-season Waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S450","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S450","article-title":"Clinical trials of monovalent influenza A\/New Jersey\/76 virus vaccines in adults: reactogenicity, antibody response, and antibody persistence","volume":"136","author":"Cate","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1953.02940140013005","article-title":"Use of adjuvants in studies on influenza immunization. III. degree of persistence of antibody in human subjects two years after vaccination","volume":"151","author":"Salk","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw816","article-title":"Intraseason waning of influenza vaccine protection: evidence from the US influenza vaccine effectiveness network, 2011-12 through 2014-15","volume":"64","author":"Ferdinands","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.16.30201","article-title":"I-MOVE multicentre case-control study 2010\/11 to 2014\/15: Is there within-season waning of influenza type\/subtype vaccine effectiveness with increasing time since vaccination?","author":"Kissling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20389","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.05.20389-en","article-title":"Vaccine effectiveness of 2011\/12 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: evidence of waning intra-seasonal protection","volume":"18","author":"Pebody","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix526","article-title":"Beyond antigenic match: possible agent-host and immuno-epidemiological influences on influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2015-2016 Season in Canada","volume":"216","author":"Skowronski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0346-0279-2_15","article-title":"Lessons learned from clinical trials in 1976 and 1977 of vaccines for the newly emerged swine and russian influenza A\/H1N1 Viruses","volume-title":"Influenza Vaccines for the Future","author":"Couch","year":"2011"},{"key":"B93","first-page":"91","article-title":"History and evolution of influenza vaccines","volume":"52","author":"Crovari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S683","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S683","article-title":"Serologic responses to split and whole swine influenza virus vaccines in light of the next influenza pandemic","volume":"136","author":"Hilleman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S722","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S722","article-title":"Summary of clinical trials of influenza virus vaccines in adults","volume":"136","author":"Parkman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.04.040","article-title":"Immunogenicity of protein aggregates\u2013concerns and realities","volume":"431","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pharm."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.12.3553","article-title":"Acceleration of intracellular targeting of antigen by the B-cell antigen receptor: importance depends on the nature of the antigen-antibody interaction","volume":"16","author":"Aluvihare","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7171","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.12.7171","article-title":"MHC class II antigen processing in B cells: accelerated intracellular targeting of antigens","volume":"162","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.4.513","article-title":"B cells extract and present immobilized antigen: implications for affinity discrimination","volume":"19","author":"Batista","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004398","article-title":"Incomplete protection against dengue virus type 2 Re-infection in Peru","volume":"10","author":"Forshey","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101315","article-title":"Immune response to dengue virus and prospects for a vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.003","article-title":"Dengue vaccine safety signal: immune enhancement, waning immunity, or chance occurrence?","volume":"35","author":"Gessner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800820","article-title":"Effect of dengue serostatus on dengue vaccine safety and efficacy","volume":"379","author":"Sridhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B104","volume-title":"Observations Made During The Epidemic Of Measles On The Faroe Islands In The Year 1846","author":"Panum","year":"1847"},{"key":"B105","first-page":"579","article-title":"Measles Vaccines","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"Strebel","year":"2018"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.057","article-title":"Persistence of measles antibodies, following changes in the recommended age for the second dose of MMR-vaccine in Portugal","volume":"33","author":"Goncalves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6701a7","article-title":"Recommendation of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of a third dose of mumps virus-containing vaccine in persons at increased risk for mumps during an outbreak","volume":"67","author":"Marin","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12754","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01763-10","article-title":"Antiviral immunity following smallpox virus infection: a case-control study","volume":"84","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.11.030","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, dose-finding Phase II study to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of the third generation smallpox vaccine candidate IMVAMUNE","volume":"28","author":"von Krempelhuber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.075","article-title":"Comparison of lyophilized versus liquid modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) formulations and subcutaneous versus intradermal routes of administration in healthy vaccinia-naive subjects","volume":"33","author":"Frey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064040","article-title":"Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time","volume":"356","author":"Chaves","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B112","first-page":"413","article-title":"Persistence of yellow fever immunity","volume":"5","author":"Sawyer","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Prev Med"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2016.1198259","article-title":"Questions regarding the safety and duration of immunity following live yellow fever vaccination","author":"Amanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00496.x","article-title":"Assessment of IgG antibodies against yellow fever virus after vaccination with 17D by different assays: neutralization test, haemagglutination inhibition test, immunofluorescence assay and ELISA","volume":"4","author":"Niedrig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay108","article-title":"Persistence of yellow fever virus-specific neutralizing antibodies after vaccination among U.S. travelers","volume":"1","author":"Lindsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.019","article-title":"Mutual interference on the immune response to yellow fever vaccine and a combined vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella","volume":"29","author":"Nascimento Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150176","article-title":"A randomised double-blind clinical trial of two yellow fever vaccines prepared with substrains 17DD and 17D-213\/77 in children nine-23 months old","volume":"110","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.06.008","article-title":"Germinal center enhancement by extended antigen availability","volume":"47","author":"Cirelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400","article-title":"Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH)","volume":"29","author":"Crotty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.125","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole virus vero cell-derived ross river virus vaccine: a randomized trial","volume":"29","author":"Aichinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0268","article-title":"An adjuvanted, tetravalent dengue virus purified inactivated vaccine candidate induces long-lasting and protective antibody responses against dengue challenge in rhesus macaques","volume":"92","author":"Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw066","article-title":"Durability of vaccine-induced immunity against tetanus and diphtheria toxins","volume":"62","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B123","first-page":"225","article-title":"Susceptibility to diphtheria in populations vaccinated before and after elimination of indigenous diphtheria in Denmark","volume":"95","author":"Simonsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand C"},{"key":"B124","first-page":"53","article-title":"Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper - February 2017","volume":"92","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"B125","first-page":"301","article-title":"Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization, April 2017 - conclusions and recommendations","volume":"92","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T02:22:12Z","timestamp":1694830932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"article-number":"956"}}