{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:02:41Z","timestamp":1790960561819,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008537","name":"Fonds Alice et David van Buuren","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T07:30:46Z","timestamp":1557387046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["The Number of X Chromosomes Influences Inflammatory Cytokine Production Following Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Lef\u00e8vre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Valsamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Delbaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"De Maertelaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Casimir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Incidence of mortality in boys and girls after severe thermal burns","volume":"170","author":"Barrow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.11.1200","article-title":"Gender differences in human sepsis","volume":"133","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Surg."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.26982","article-title":"Gender differences in sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Angele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80054-4","article-title":"Gender differences in asthma development and progression","volume":"4","author":"Postma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gend Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.12.009","article-title":"The effect of sex on asthma control from the National Asthma Survey","volume":"123","author":"Temprano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-553CC","article-title":"Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why it matters","volume":"176","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009172","article-title":"Gender gap in cystic fibrosis mortality","volume":"145","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/187153006777442422","article-title":"Gender and susceptibility to sepsis following trauma","volume":"6","author":"Choudhry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(96)00055-6","article-title":"Gender differences in host defense mechanisms","volume":"31","author":"Cannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(01)00382-2","article-title":"Gender differences in the development and function of the immune system","volume":"30","author":"Shames","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01052.x","article-title":"Immunological differences in women compared with men: overview and contributing factors","volume":"66","author":"Ghazeeri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2415","article-title":"Sex-specific genetic architecture of human disease","volume":"9","author":"Ober","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181760c14","article-title":"Characterization of the gender dimorphism after injury and hemorrhagic shock: are hormonal differences responsible?","volume":"36","author":"Sperry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.1963","article-title":"Hormonal modulation of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor and associated receptor secretion in postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Brooks-Asplund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8203-5","article-title":"Estrogen receptors in immunity and autoimmunity","volume":"40","author":"Cunningham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80240-7","article-title":"Sex hormones and the immune system\u2013Part 1. Human data","volume":"4","author":"Lahita","year":"1990","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80241-9","article-title":"Sex hormones and the immune system\u2013Part 2. Animal data","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"1990","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181b2b36b","article-title":"Gender differences in inflammatory markers in children","volume":"33","author":"Casimir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181ce2c3d","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory diseases in children are more severe in girls","volume":"34","author":"Casimir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117616","article-title":"Estrogen levels in childhood determined by an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay","volume":"94","author":"Klein","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2815","article-title":"The X chromosome in immune functions: when a chromosome makes the difference","volume":"10","author":"Libert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31802e40bd","article-title":"The X-files of inflammation: cellular mosaicism of X-linked polymorphic genes and the female advantage in the host response to injury and infection","volume":"27","author":"Spolarics","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.12.1428","article-title":"The role of X inactivation and cellular mosaicism in women's health and sex-specific diseases","volume":"295","author":"Migeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80024-6","article-title":"Why females are mosaics, X-chromosome inactivation, and sex differences in disease","volume":"4","author":"Migeon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gend Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01455","article-title":"Inherent X-linked genetic variability and cellular mosaicism unique to females contribute to sex-related differences in the innate immune response","volume":"8","author":"Spolarics","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-007-8051-0","article-title":"X chromosome inactivation and female predisposition to autoimmunity","volume":"34","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03479","article-title":"X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females","volume":"434","author":"Carrel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-28","article-title":"Gender differences and inflammation: an in vitro model of blood cells stimulation in prepubescent children","volume":"7","author":"Casimir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Inflamm."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000773","article-title":"Sex differences in inflammatory response and acid-base balance in prepubertal children with severe sepsis","volume":"47","author":"Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1948-z","article-title":"Gender-based differences in children with sepsis and ARDS: the ESPNIC ARDS Database Group","volume":"29","author":"Bindl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000266534.14262.E8","article-title":"Gender differences in the innate immune response and vascular reactivity following the administration of endotoxin to human volunteers","volume":"35","author":"van Eijk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00177.x","article-title":"Gender difference in the non-specific and specific immune response in humans","volume":"52","author":"Bouman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3182571e46","article-title":"Sex differences in inflammatory cytokines and CD99 expression following in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation","volume":"38","author":"Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.887","article-title":"Gender difference in cytokine secretion on immune stimulation with LPS and LTA","volume":"26","author":"Aulock","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.042","article-title":"Gender difference in tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 production in human neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-\u03b3","volume":"441","author":"Aomatsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2382","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome\u2014A clinical update","volume":"98","author":"Groth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0541-6","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome (KS): genetics, clinical phenotype and hypogonadism","volume":"40","author":"Bonomi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1077","article-title":"mortality in patients with klinefelter syndrome in britain: a cohort study","volume":"90","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.03.006","article-title":"Autoimmunity and Klinefelter's syndrome: when men have two X chromosomes","volume":"33","author":"Sawalha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02185.x","article-title":"Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) among men with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"100","author":"Dillon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2014.968918","article-title":"Associations between Klinefelter's syndrome and autoimmune diseases: English national record linkage studies","volume":"48","author":"Seminog","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmunity."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.04.002","article-title":"Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) is in excess among men with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","volume":"168","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(72)90098-1","article-title":"Serum estradiol in women ingesting combination oral contraceptive steroids","volume":"114","author":"Mishell","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.08.027","article-title":"Hypothesis: increased male mortality caused by infection is due to a decrease in heterozygous loci as a result of a single X chromosome","volume":"72","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11843","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11843","article-title":"Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome","volume":"7","author":"Machiela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.4.2088","article-title":"TLR7 ligands induce higher IFN-alpha production in females","volume":"177","author":"Bergh\u00f6fer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01931","article-title":"Sex hormones determine immune response","volume":"9","author":"Taneja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.49.8.664","article-title":"Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count","volume":"49","author":"Bain","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01052\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T07:30:48Z","timestamp":1557387048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01052\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"article-number":"1052"}}