{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:55:24Z","timestamp":1785902124902,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009099","name":"Reinholdt W. Jorck og Hustrus Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008398","name":"Villum Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T11:33:51Z","timestamp":1562672031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Autoantibodies in Morphea: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sangita","family":"Khatri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn S.","family":"Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Mirizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Astakhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew320","article-title":"The utility of comprehensive autoantibody testing to differentiate connective tissue disease associated and idiopathic interstitial lung disease subgroup cases","volume":"56","author":"Cotton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2018.80711","article-title":"Subgroups of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome patients categorised by serological profiles: clinical and immunological characteristics","volume":"56","author":"Kontny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180078","article-title":"Connective tissue disorders in childhood: are they all the same?","volume":"39","author":"Navallas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2828::AID-ART470>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Improvement in skin thickening in systemic sclerosis associated with improved survival","volume":"44","author":"Steen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24339","article-title":"Scleroderma prevalence: demographic variations in a population-based sample","volume":"61","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000245727.40630.c3","article-title":"Localized scleroderma","volume":"18","author":"Laxer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23101","article-title":"Predictors of longitudinal quality of life in juvenile localized scleroderma","volume":"69","author":"Ardalan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38853","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes in adults with pediatric-onset morphea and those with adult-onset morphea: a cross-sectional study from the morphea in adults and children cohort","volume":"66","author":"Condie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.04.003","article-title":"Coexistence of lichen sclerosus and morphea: a retrospective analysis of 472 patients with localized scleroderma from a German tertiary referral center","volume":"67","author":"Kreuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.79","article-title":"Distinct autoimmune syndromes in morphea: a review of 245 adult and pediatric cases","volume":"145","author":"Leitenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.04.002","article-title":"Scleroderma in children and adolescents: localized scleroderma and systemic sclerosis","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171381","article-title":"New features for measuring disease activity in pediatric localized scleroderma","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21264","article-title":"Localized scleroderma in childhood is not just a skin disease","volume":"52","author":"Zulian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Description of the Juvenile Localized Scleroderma Subgroup of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry\u2014ACR Meeting Abstracts"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000334474.88923.e3","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations of localized scleroderma: a case report and literature review","volume":"71","author":"Kister","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(03)00028-3","article-title":"Parry-Romberg syndrome: intracranial MRI appearances","volume":"31","author":"Moko","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep361","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the localized scleroderma skin damage index and physician global assessment of disease damage: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"49","author":"Arkachaisri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei251","article-title":"Juvenile localized scleroderma: clinical and epidemiological features in 750 children. An international study","volume":"45","author":"Zulian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4207","article-title":"Morphea in adults and children cohort III: nested case-control study\u2013the clinical significance of autoantibodies in morphea","volume":"149","author":"Dharamsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729756","article-title":"Transformations related to the angular and the square root","volume":"21","author":"Freeman","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann Math Statist"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1978.10479283","article-title":"The inverse of the Freeman \u2013 Tukey double arcsine transformation","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"B23","unstructured":""},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00008","article-title":"Quantitative synthesis in systematic reviews","volume":"127","author":"Lau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011363","article-title":"An approach for assessing publication bias prior to performing a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Dear","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-6-849","article-title":"Linear scleroderma. Clinical spectrum, prognosis, and laboratory abnormalities","volume":"104","author":"Falanga","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17312","article-title":"Prediction of disease relapse in a cohort of paediatric patients with localized scleroderma","volume":"180","author":"Kurzinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"Autoantibody Testing in Pediatric Localized Scleroderma (LS) - ACR Meeting Abstracts"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.06.006","article-title":"Peripheral blood cytokine and chemokine profiles in juvenile localized scleroderma: T-helper cell-associated cytokine profiles","volume":"45","author":"Torok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.04.008","article-title":"Transcriptional and cytokine profiles identify CXCL9 as a biomarker of disease activity in morphea","volume":"137","author":"O'Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.1019","article-title":"Baseline description of the juvenile localized scleroderma subgroup from the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance legacy registry","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3765-x","article-title":"Musculoskeletal MRI findings of juvenile localized scleroderma","volume":"47","author":"Eutsler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W376","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9335","article-title":"Response evaluation of musculoskeletal involvement in patients with deep morphea treated with methotrexate and prednisolone: a combined MRI and clinical approach","volume":"200","author":"Schanz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10535.x","article-title":"Relapse after systemic treatment in pediatric morphoea","volume":"166","author":"Mirsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360815","article-title":"Antihistone antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma","volume":"36","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.04.001","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in localized scleroderma and relationship to clinical features","volume":"55","author":"Kurzinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080098","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies and their clinical associations in patients with childhood- and adult-onset linear scleroderma. A single-center study","volume":"35","author":"Arkachaisri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh487","article-title":"Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder","volume":"44","author":"Takehara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38814","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class I and class II alleles may confer susceptibility to or protection against morphea: findings from the Morphea in Adults and Children cohort","volume":"66","author":"Jacobe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260506","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma","volume":"26","author":"Takehara","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.03.036","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study of methotrexate in juvenile localized scleroderma (morphea)","volume":"67","author":"Zulian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14458","article-title":"European dermatology forum S1-guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, Part 1: localized scleroderma, systemic sclerosis and overlap syndromes","volume":"31","author":"Knobler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.01776.x","article-title":"Rheumatoid factor isotypes in localized scleroderma","volume":"30","author":"Mimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1647-6","article-title":"Current and future direction in the management of scleroderma","volume":"308","author":"Brady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2174\/138920207783591690","article-title":"The HLA region and autoimmune disease: associations and mechanisms of action","volume":"8","author":"Gough","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Genom"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(96)89424-2","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken405","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for improved topical treatment in localized scleroderma and systemic sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Badea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0254-9","article-title":"A CD4+ T cell population expanded in lupus blood provides B cell help through interleukin-10 and succinate","volume":"25","author":"Caielli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.50841","article-title":"The role of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of morphea","volume":"40","author":"Osmola-Mankowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000331","article-title":"Animal models of scleroderma: recent progress","volume":"28","author":"Marangoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-009-0080-7","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of skin fibrosis: insight from animal models","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150567","article-title":"Autoantibodies to dense fine speckles in pediatric diseases and controls","volume":"42","author":"Schmeling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CC37547H","article-title":"Branched DNA nanostructures efficiently stabilised and monitored by novel pyrene-perylene 2'-\u03b1-L-amino-LNA FRET pairs","volume":"49","author":"Astakhova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1021\/ja311250w","article-title":"A locked nucleic acid-based nanocrawler: designed and reversible movement detected by multicolor fluorescence","volume":"135","author":"Astakhova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0195381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195381","article-title":"Detection of autoimmune antibodies in localized scleroderma by synthetic oligonucleotide antigens","volume":"13","author":"Samuelsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors2030193","article-title":"Toward non-enzymatic ultrasensitive identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms by optical methods","volume":"2","author":"Astakhova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00567","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides internally labeled with peptides show improved target recognition and stability to enzymatic degradation","volume":"28","author":"Taskova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23910-5","article-title":"Autoantibody profiling in lupus patients using synthetic nucleic acids","volume":"8","author":"Klecka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24249","article-title":"B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Lafyatis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.04.016","article-title":"Morphea associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: response to rituximab","volume":"4","author":"Traboulsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2013.1929","article-title":"Resolution with rituximab of localized scleroderma occurring during etanercept treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Chimenti Stefani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1136","article-title":"Abatacept is a promising treatment for patients with disseminated morphea profunda: presentation of two cases","volume":"91","author":"Stausb\u00f8l-Gr\u00f8n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.018","article-title":"Early- and late-stage morphea subtypes with deep tissue involvement is treatable with Abatacept (Orencia)","volume":"46","author":"Adeeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2878","article-title":"Abatacept improves skin-score and reduces lesions in patients with localized scleroderma: a case series","volume":"98","author":"Fage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15001","article-title":"The molecular pathogenesis of morphoea: from genetics to future treatment targets","volume":"177","author":"Saracino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00603","article-title":"Mechanisms of autoantibody-induced pathology","volume":"8","author":"Ludwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07598-9","article-title":"GPCR-specific autoantibody signatures are associated with physiological and pathological immune homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Cabral-Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1100030","article-title":"Genomics and the multifactorial nature of human autoimmune disease","volume":"365","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.46","article-title":"Targeted therapies for systemic sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Denton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01487\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T23:44:21Z","timestamp":1569023061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01487\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01487","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"article-number":"1487"}}