{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:59:57Z","timestamp":1790873997242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006129","name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007687","name":"Svenska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009252","name":"Science for Life Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T00:35:32Z","timestamp":1564446932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Shared and Unique Patterns of DNA Methylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Primary Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas Carlsson","family":"Alml\u00f6f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Christine","family":"Syv\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"R\u00f6nnblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna K.","family":"Sandling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnel","family":"Nordmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-764","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: an autoimmune disease of B cell hyperactivity","volume":"2","author":"Lipsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514","article-title":"Primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2012.12.009","article-title":"Cancer risk in systemic lupus: an updated international multi-centre cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041186","article-title":"Lymphoma and other malignancies in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a cohort study on cancer incidence and lymphoma predictors","volume":"65","author":"Theander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21887","article-title":"Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"65","author":"Johnsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337679100","article-title":"Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus","volume":"100","author":"Baechler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738008","article-title":"Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sjogren's syndrome: a putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"38","author":"Wildenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000524","article-title":"An update on the role of type I interferons in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Thorlacius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000192","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2016-000192","article-title":"Disease activity patterns over time in patients with SLE: analysis of the Hopkins Lupus cohort","volume":"4","author":"Gy\u00f6ri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000310","article-title":"Genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome: an update","volume":"28","author":"Teruel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/gm305","article-title":"Emerging patterns of genetic overlap across autoimmune disorders","volume":"4","author":"Richard-Miceli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0695-z","article-title":"Updates in lupus genetics","volume":"19","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key330","article-title":"Genetics and epigenetics in primary Sjogren's syndrome","author":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2487","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association data implicate DNA methylation as an intermediary of genetic risk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0632-2","article-title":"The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders","volume":"11","author":"Mazzone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.04.004","article-title":"Epigenetic alterations in primary Sjogren's syndrome - an overview","volume":"196","author":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000285","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000285","article-title":"DNA methylation 101: what is important to know about DNA methylation and its role in SLE risk and disease heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Lanata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.03.014","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association studies for systemic autoimmune diseases: the road behind and the road ahead","volume":"196","author":"Carnero-Montoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212379","article-title":"DNA methylation mapping identifies gene regulatory effects in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"77","author":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208659","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in multiple tissues in primary Sjogren's syndrome reveals regulatory effects at interferon-induced genes","volume":"75","author":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","article-title":"The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554","article-title":"Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group","volume":"61","author":"Vitali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.07.007","article-title":"High density DNA methylation array with single CpG site resolution","volume":"98","author":"Bibikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-86","article-title":"DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution","volume":"13","author":"Houseman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu049","article-title":"Minfi: a flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA methylation microarrays","volume":"30","author":"Aryee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.11.003","article-title":"Global analysis of DNA methylation variation in adipose tissue from twins reveals links to disease-associated variants in distal regulatory elements","volume":"93","author":"Grundberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1040","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1215","article-title":"Interferome v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes","volume":"41","author":"Rusinova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1010-1045","article-title":"The NIH roadmap epigenomics mapping consortium","volume":"28","author":"Bernstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W305","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp427","article-title":"ToppGene Suite for gene list enrichment analysis and candidate gene prioritization","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forest","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06516-1","article-title":"Novel risk genes for systemic lupus erythematosus predicted by random forest classification","volume":"7","author":"Alml\u00f6f","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v085.i13","article-title":"Developer-friendly and computationally efficient predictive modeling without information leakage: the emil package for R","volume":"85","author":"B\u00e4cklin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stat Softw."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification and regression by randomForest","volume":"3","author":"Liaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201381","article-title":"Prevalence of interferon type I signature in CD14 monocytes of patients with Sjogren's syndrome and association with disease activity and BAFF gene expression","volume":"72","author":"Brkic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031484","article-title":"LIME: a new membrane Raft-associated adaptor protein involved in CD4 and CD8 coreceptor signaling","volume":"198","author":"Brdickov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-1859","article-title":"LIME acts as a transmembrane adapter mediating BCR-dependent B-cell activation","volume":"107","author":"Ahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501711102","article-title":"IFN-gamma-induced immune adaptation of the proteasome system is an accelerated and transient response","volume":"102","author":"Heink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000201","article-title":"New insights into B cell biology in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Bird","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S167783","article-title":"Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: links and risks","volume":"11","author":"Pasoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex490","article-title":"Systemic interferon type I and type II signatures in primary Sjogren's syndrome reveal differences in biological disease activity","volume":"57","author":"Bodewes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.71","article-title":"The role of neutrophils and NETosis in autoimmune and renal diseases","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.132","article-title":"The inflammatory role of phagocyte apoptotic pathways in rheumatic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Cuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12662","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12662","article-title":"Transcription profiling of peripheral B cells in antibody-positive primary Sjogren's syndrome reveals upregulated expression of CX3CR1 and a type I and type II interferon signature","volume":"87","author":"Imgenberg-Kreuz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3985","article-title":"Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology","volume":"49","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002178","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/7a52649c-0942-4bd8-a5d3-3cdacca03cd8","article-title":"Identification of novel genetic markers associated with clinical phenotypes of systemic sclerosis through a genome-wide association strategy","volume":"7","author":"Gorlova","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03389.x","article-title":"Increased epithelial expression of HLA-DQ and HLA-DP molecules in salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome compared with obstructive sialadenitis","volume":"92","author":"Thrane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39792","article-title":"Epigenetic signatures of salivary gland inflammation in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.11.004","article-title":"The immunoproteasome in antigen processing and other immunological functions","volume":"25","author":"Basler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21782","article-title":"Tissue-specific up-regulation of the proteasome subunit beta5i (LMP7) in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Egerer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081098","article-title":"Expression of proteasomal immunosubunit beta1i is dysregulated in inflammatory infiltrates of minor salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Morawietz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.045930","article-title":"Immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 expression is deregulated in Sjogren's syndrome but not in other autoimmune disorders","volume":"65","author":"Krause","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102878","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induces immunoproteasomes and the presentation of MHC I-associated peptides on human salivary gland cells","volume":"9","author":"Arellano-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B53","first-page":"S74","article-title":"The immunoproteasome: a novel drug target for autoimmune diseases","volume":"33","author":"Basler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0529-1","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors as experimental therapeutics of autoimmune diseases","volume":"17","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20093","article-title":"Sjogren's syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and laboratory profiles and comparison with primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Manoussakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.11.020","article-title":"DNA methylation signatures identify biologically distinct subtypes in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"17","author":"Figueroa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-014-0039-z","article-title":"DNA methylation-based subtype prediction for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Nordlund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1678-x","article-title":"Global epigenetic profiling identifies methylation subgroups associated with recurrence-free survival in meningioma","volume":"133","author":"Olar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26000","article-title":"DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours","volume":"555","author":"Capper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01686\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T23:31:32Z","timestamp":1569972692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01686\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"article-number":"1686"}}