{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:44:47Z","timestamp":1793216687713,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T04:26:40Z","timestamp":1574310400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["CAR T Cells Beyond Cancer: Hope for Immunomodulatory Therapy of Infectious Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Seif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Einsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"L\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12860","article-title":"Diagnostic work up to assess early response indicators in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in adult patients with haematologic malignancies","volume":"62","author":"Heinz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00289-6","article-title":"CMV viral load and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a cohort study in the era of preemptive therapy","volume":"3","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-11-679639","article-title":"Early cytomegalovirus reactivation remains associated with increased transplant-related mortality in the current era: a CIBMTR analysis","volume":"127","author":"Teira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl360","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism in HIV-infected subjects","volume":"58","author":"Bongiovanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1291","article-title":"Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia","volume":"278","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60106-9","article-title":"The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti-retroviral therapy","volume":"3","author":"Paydary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122696","article-title":"Comparison of the mechanisms of drug resistance among HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C","volume":"2","author":"Margeridon-Thermet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27340-7_10","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"369","author":"Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.38","article-title":"T cell responses to cytomegalovirus","volume":"16","author":"Klenerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80566","article-title":"Jones, Walker HIV-specific CD8 T cells and HIV eradication","volume":"126","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70289-1","article-title":"Direct ex vivo analysis of hepatitis B virus-specific CD8+ T cells associated with the control of infection","volume":"117","author":"Maini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01939","article-title":"Methods of controlling invasive fungal infections using CD8 + T cells","volume":"8","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06257-11","article-title":"A Non-canonical mu-1A-binding motif in the N terminus of HIV-1 nef determines its ability to downregulate major histocompatibility complex class I in T lymphocytes","volume":"86","author":"Iijima","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02844-06","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection","volume":"81","author":"Boni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131333","article-title":"Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B and C are characterized by a lack of antigen-specific T-bet induction","volume":"211","author":"Kurktschiev","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360902937809","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy","volume":"8363","author":"Couzin-Frankel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000496870","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells: a race to revolutionize cancer therapy","volume":"46","author":"Subklewe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemotherapy."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006753","article-title":"Long-term persistence and function of hematopoietic stem cell-derived chimeric antigen receptor T cells in a non-human primate model of HIV\/AIDS","volume":"13","author":"Zhen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.102","article-title":"HIV-specific immunity derived from chimeric antigen receptor-engineered stem cells","volume":"23","author":"Zhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006613","article-title":"Supraphysiologic control over HIV-1 replication mediated by CD8 T cells expressing a re-engineered CD4-based chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"13","author":"Leibman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9712","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00852-16","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells guided by the single-chain Fv of a broadly neutralizing antibody specifically and effectively eradicate virus reactivated from latency in CD4 T lymphocytes isolated from HIV-1- infected individuals receiving suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302413","article-title":"T-cell engineering by a chimeric T-cell receptor with antibody-type specificity for the HIV-1 gp120","volume":"12","author":"Masiero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.11.001","article-title":"Bispecific chimeric antigen receptors targeting the CD4 binding site and high-mannose Glycans of gp120 optimized for anti\u2013human immunodeficiency virus potency and breadth with minimal immunogenicity","volume":"20","author":"Ghanem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.12.023","article-title":"Engineering HIV-resistant, anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"25","author":"Hale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6685","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00474-15","article-title":"Novel CD4-based bispecific chimeric antigen receptor designed for enhanced anti-HIV potency and absence of HIV entry receptor activity","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav5685","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aav5685","article-title":"Multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells display broad in vitro antiviral activity and potent in vivo elimination of HIV-infected cells in a humanized mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Anthony-Gonda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.002","article-title":"T cells redirected against hepatitis B virus surface proteins eliminate infected hepatocytes","volume":"134","author":"Bohne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.047","article-title":"T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor that binds hepatitis B virus envelope proteins control virus replication in mice","volume":"145","author":"Krebs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of a fully human, hepatitis B virus-specific chimeric antigen receptor in an immunocompetent mouse model","volume":"27","author":"Festag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.02.002","article-title":"HBsAg-redirected T cells exhibit antiviral activity in HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice","volume":"20","author":"Kruse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308316","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered t cells redirected against hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 glycoprotein","volume":"65","author":"Sautto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450963","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/450963","article-title":"Structural and antigenic definition of hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"2013","author":"Sautto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02117-09","article-title":"T cells engineered with a cytomegalovirus-specific chimeric immunoreceptor","volume":"84","author":"Full","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00844","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-infected cells resist T cell mediated killing in an HLA-recognition independent manner","volume":"7","author":"Proff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1394-x","article-title":"Turning the tables on cytomegalovirus : targeting viral Fc receptors by CARs containing mutated CH2 \u2013 CH3 IgG spacer domains","author":"Proff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312789111","article-title":"Bioengineering T cells to target carbohydrate to treat opportunistic fungal infection","volume":"111","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0330","article-title":"Receptor affinity and extracellular domain modifications affect tumor recognition by ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells","volume":"19","author":"Hudecek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0127","article-title":"The non-signaling extracellular spacer domain of chimeric antigen receptors is decisive for in vivo antitumor activity","volume":"3","author":"Hudecek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7028","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.10.7028","article-title":"Antigen sensitivity of CD22-specific chimeric TCR is modulated by target epitope distance from the cell membrane","volume":"180","author":"James","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000161397.96582.59","article-title":"The role of extracellular spacer regions in the optimal design of chimeric immune receptors","volume":"28","author":"Guest","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.83","article-title":"Chimeric receptors containing CD137 signal transduction domains mediate enhanced survival of T cells and increased antileukemic efficacy in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Milone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181ac6138","article-title":"Construction and preclinical evaluation of an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"32","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunother."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403302","article-title":"Chimeric receptors with 4-1BB signaling capacity provoke potent cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Imai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/bbmt.1998.v4.pm9763110","article-title":"CD20 is a molecular target for scFvFc:\u03b6 receptor redirected T cells: implications for cellular immunotherapy of CD10+ malignancy","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900018","article-title":"Cancer patient T cells genetically targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen specifically lyse prostate cancer cells and release cytokines in response to prostate-specific membrane antigen","volume":"1","author":"Gong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neoplasia."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1653","article-title":"Signals through T cell receptor-\u03b6 chain alone are insufficient to prime resting T lymphocytes","volume":"181","author":"Brocker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0102-70","article-title":"Human T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation directed by a single chimeric TCR\u03b6\/CD28 receptor","volume":"20","author":"Maher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.4.619","article-title":"Antigen-dependent CD28 signaling selectively enhances survival and proliferation in genetically modified activated human primary T lymphocytes","volume":"188","author":"Krause","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.2791","article-title":"Chimeric receptors providing both primary and costimulatory signaling in T cells from a single gene product","volume":"161","author":"Finney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.104","article-title":"Activation of resting human primary T cells with chimeric receptors: costimulation from CD28, inducible costimulator, CD134, and CD137 in series with signals from the TCR\u03b6 chain","volume":"172","author":"Finney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103849","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor\u2013modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia","volume":"365","author":"Porter","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4597","article-title":"The pharmacology of second-generation chimeric antigen receptors","volume":"14","author":"van der stegen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2436-z","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) for cancer immunotherapy \u2013 moving target for industry?","volume":"35","author":"Salmikangas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2007.028","article-title":"Optimizing adoptive polyclonal T cell immunotherapy of lymphomas, using a chimeric T cell receptor possessing CD28 and CD137 costimulatory domains","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-012-1202-z","article-title":"CAR T cells transform to trucks: chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cells engineered to deliver inducible IL-12 modulate the tumour stroma to combat cancer","volume":"61","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.97","article-title":"Engineered T cells: the promise and challenges of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Fesnak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0042-2","article-title":"CAR T cells for infection, autoimmunity and allotransplantation","volume":"18","author":"Maldini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-018-0388-x","article-title":"Quarter century of Anti-HIV CAR T cells","volume":"344","author":"Wagner","year":"2015"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.04.004","article-title":"Development of CAR-T cells for long-term eradication and surveillance of HIV-1 reservoir","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000485","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell approaches to HIV cure","volume":"13","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90327-U","article-title":"Cellular immunity to HIV activated by CD4 fused to T cell or Fc receptor polypeptides","volume":"64","author":"Romeo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.9.2878.bloodjournal8492878","article-title":"Targeting of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes armed with universal T-cell receptors","volume":"84","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132ra53","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003761","article-title":"Decade-long safety and function of retroviral-modified chimeric antigen receptor T-cells","volume":"4","author":"Scholler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.2.467.014k34_467_474","article-title":"Long-term in vivo survival of receptor-modified syngeneic T cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"96","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.3.785.015k10_785_793","article-title":"Prolonged survival and tissue trafficking following adoptive transfer of CD4\u03b6 gene-modified autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects","volume":"96","author":"Mitsuyasu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2002.0611","article-title":"A phase II randomized study of HIV-specific T-cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"5","author":"Deeks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Ther."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0157-8","article-title":"The therapeutic landscape of HIV-1 via genome editing","volume":"14","author":"Kwarteng","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1410","article-title":"Establishment of HIV-1 resistance in CD4+ T cells by genome editing using zinc-finger nucleases","volume":"26","author":"Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv469","article-title":"mRNA transfection of a novel TAL effector nuclease (TALEN) facilitates efficient knockout of HIV co-receptor CCR5","volume":"43","author":"Mock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001190","article-title":"TALEN-mediated knockout of CCR5 confers protection against infection of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"74","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115987","article-title":"CCR5 gene disruption via lentiviral vectors expressing Cas9 and single guided RNA renders cells resistant to HIV-1 infection","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5697","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-405365","article-title":"A foundation for universal T-cell based immunotherapy: T cells engineered to express a CD19-specific chimeric-antigen-receptor and eliminate expression of endogenous TCR","volume":"119","author":"Torikai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj2013","article-title":"Molecular remission of infant B-ALL after infusion of universal TALEN gene-edited CAR T cells","volume":"9","author":"Qasim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3321","article-title":"Multiplex genome-edited T-cell manufacturing platform for \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d adoptive T-cell immunotherapies","volume":"75","author":"Philip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2014.26","article-title":"TALEN-mediated editing of endogenous T-cell receptors facilitates efficient reprogramming of T lymphocytes by lentiviral gene transfer","volume":"21","author":"Berdien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1300","article-title":"Multiplex genome editing to generate universal CAR T cells resistant to PD1 inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15218","article-title":"A versatile system for rapid multiplex genome-edited CAR T cell generation","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00805-16","article-title":"HIV-1-specific chimeric antigen receptors based on broadly neutralizing antibodies","volume":"90","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.28.20140066","article-title":"T cells expressing a LMP1-specific chimeric antigen receptor mediate antitumor effects against LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Res."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0278-6","article-title":"CAR-T cells: the long and winding road to solid tumors review-article","volume":"9","author":"D'Aloia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20441","article-title":"The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall","volume":"28","author":"Bowman","year":"2006","journal-title":"BioEssays."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221789","article-title":"Interactions between commensal fungi and the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 influence colitis","volume":"336","author":"Iliev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000018","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy: practical considerations for implementation in Europe","volume":"2","author":"Buechner","year":"2018","journal-title":"HemaSphere."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02711\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T05:33:43Z","timestamp":1695447223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02711\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"article-number":"2711"}}