{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:17:40Z","timestamp":1789777060560,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T04:50:50Z","timestamp":1579582250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["IL-6 During Influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae Co-Infected Pneumonia\u2014A Protector"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Gou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4638","article-title":"1918 pandemic influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection results in activation of coagulation and widespread pulmonary thrombosis in mice and humans","volume":"238","author":"Walters","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.02.002","article-title":"The immunology of influenza virus-associated bacterial pneumonia","volume":"34","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3231","article-title":"The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung","volume":"12","author":"McCullers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.194139","article-title":"Bacterial coinfection in influenza: a grand rounds review","volume":"309","author":"Chertow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.09.005","article-title":"Extracellular matrix proteolysis by MT1-MMP contributes to influenza-related tissue damage and mortality","volume":"20","author":"Talmi-Frank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L138","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00075.2017","article-title":"Immunomodulators targeting MARCO expression improve resistance to postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia","volume":"313","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3166","article-title":"Regulating the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infection","volume":"12","author":"Braciale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01833-14","article-title":"Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae modulates the B cell response to Influenza Virus","volume":"88","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02455-14","article-title":"Lethal coinfection of Influenza Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae lowers antibody response to Influenza Virus in lung and reduces numbers of germinal center B cells, T follicular helper cells, and pasma cells in mediastinal lymph node","volume":"89","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02598.x","article-title":"Structure and expression of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2_IL-6) gene","volume":"6","author":"Yasukawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.45","article-title":"Interleukin-6: designing specific therapeutics for a complex cytokine","volume":"17","author":"Garbers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006640","article-title":"Early IL-6 signalling promotes IL-27 dependent maturation of regulatory T cells in the lungs and resolution of viral immunopathology","volume":"13","author":"Pyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243018","article-title":"Interleukin-6 limits influenza-induced inflammation and protects against fatal lung pathology","volume":"43","author":"Lauder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.2","article-title":"Essential role of IL-6 in protection against H1N1 influenza virus by promoting neutrophil survival in the lung","volume":"5","author":"Dienz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343746","article-title":"IL-6 controls susceptibility to helminth infection by impeding Th2 responsiveness and altering the Treg phenotype in vivo","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802923","article-title":"IL-6 is required for airway mucus production induced by inhaled fungal allergens","volume":"183","author":"Neveu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201044","article-title":"IL-6 controls the innate immune response against Listeria monocytogenes via classical IL-6 signaling","volume":"190","author":"Hoge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1086\/514062","article-title":"Interleukin-6 gene\u2013deficient mice show impaired defense against pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"176","author":"van der Poll","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509047046","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in community-acquired Pneumonia","volume":"27","author":"Ortqvist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000006","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is crucial for recall of influenza-specific memory CD4 T cells","volume":"4","author":"MP","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100026","article-title":"A question of self-preservation: immuno-pathology in influenza virus infection","volume":"85","author":"La Gruta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113528","article-title":"The two-faced cytokine IL-6 in host defense and diseases","volume":"19","author":"Narazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit008","article-title":"Effect of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on invasive pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"207","author":"Fleming-Dutra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007560","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007560","article-title":"Influenza-induced immune suppression to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by TLR9","volume":"15","author":"Martinez-Colon","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03189","article-title":"Severe Pneumonia caused by coinfection with influenza virus followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induces higher mortality in mice","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201540473","article-title":"TRAIL+ monocytes and monocyte-related cells cause lung damage and thereby increase susceptibility to influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection","volume":"16","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0093-5","article-title":"The emergence of pathogenic TNF\/iNOS producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) in a malaria model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is dependent on CCR4","volume":"12","author":"Galvao-Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6104054","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6104054","article-title":"IL-10: a multifunctional cytokine in viral infections","volume":"2017","author":"Rojas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17129","article-title":"Interplay between IFN-\u03b3 and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation","volume":"112","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Investig."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0029-z","article-title":"IFN\u03b3: signalling, epigenetics and roles in immunity, metabolism, disease and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1141-8","article-title":"Immune modulation of some autoimmune diseases: the critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"15","author":"Navegantes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00789-06","article-title":"Both influenza-induced neutrophil dysfunction and neutrophil-independent mechanisms contribute to increased susceptibility to a secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection","volume":"84","author":"McNamee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040731","article-title":"The scavenger receptor MARCO is required for lung defense against pneumococcal pneumonia and inhaled particles","volume":"200","author":"Arredouani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1765","article-title":"Inhibition of pulmonary antibacterial defense by interferon-g during recovery from influenza infection","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.08.002","article-title":"SIGNR1-mediated phagocytosis, but not SIGNR1-mediated endocytosis or cell adhesion, suppresses LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 from murine macrophages","volume":"71","author":"Kawauchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-015-0534-1","article-title":"IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair and prevents apoptosis in CD133+ stem-like cells of lung cancer after radiation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12479","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705289104","article-title":"Inhibition of the cytokine response does not protect against lethal H5N1 influenza infection","volume":"104","author":"Salomon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02336-06","article-title":"Role of host cytokine responses in the pathogenesis of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice","volume":"81","author":"Szretter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00422-16","article-title":"Influenza A virus infection predisposes hosts to secondary infection with different Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes with similar outcome but serotype-specific manifestation","volume":"84","author":"Sharma-Chawla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03102\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T04:50:51Z","timestamp":1579582251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03102\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03102","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"article-number":"3102"}}