{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:10:45Z","timestamp":1770973845786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T04:43:47Z","timestamp":1590554627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Obesity and Sex Affect the Immune Responses to Tick-Borne Encephalitis Booster Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Garner-Spitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Poellabauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Guzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Zwazl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Seidl-Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph J.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Stiasny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Fact Sheets.2018"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"European Health Report 2018.2018"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2015\u20132016.2017"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.02.006","article-title":"The role of the immune system in metabolic health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Zmora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.022","article-title":"Immune regulation of metabolic homeostasis in health and disease","volume":"161","author":"Brestoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.209","article-title":"Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders","volume":"13","author":"Abella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R81","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0606","article-title":"Leptin resensitisation: a reversion of leptin-resistant states","volume":"241","author":"Andreoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.02.104","article-title":"Obesity pandemic: causes, consequences, and solutions-but do we have the will?","volume":"107","author":"Meldrum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040573","article-title":"Dysregulation of natural killer cells in obesity","volume":"11","author":"O'Shea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010207","article-title":"Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity","volume":"7","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00071","article-title":"Influence of obesity on pneumococcus infection risk in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Frasca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2558-8","article-title":"Obesity: impact of infections and response to vaccines","volume":"35","author":"Tagliabue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665112000158","article-title":"The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection","volume":"71","author":"Milner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01071","article-title":"Impact of obesity on influenza a virus pathogenesis, immune response, and evolution","volume":"10","author":"Honce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510240043029","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccine responsiveness in Connecticut public safety personnel","volume":"270","author":"Roome","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510240047030","article-title":"Risk factors for lack of detectable antibody following hepatitis B vaccination of minnesota health care workers","volume":"270","author":"Wood","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00003-8","article-title":"Immunogenicity of hepatitis B Vaccines. Implications for persons at occupational risk of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"15","author":"Averhoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.027","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccine response in obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.04.016","article-title":"Hepatitis A\/B vaccination of adults over 40 years old: comparison of three vaccine regimens and effect of influencing factors","volume":"24","author":"Van der Wielen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.08.044","article-title":"Persistence of seroprotection 10 years after primary hepatitis A vaccination in an unselected study population","volume":"25","author":"Rendi-Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930600597326","article-title":"Reduced tetanus antibody titers in overweight children","volume":"39","author":"Eliakim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.019","article-title":"Incidence and variables associated with inadequate antibody titers after pre-exposure rabies vaccination among veterinary medical students","volume":"32","author":"Banga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.058","article-title":"Immunogenic response in obese patients undergoing rabies post-exposure prophylaxis with combined equine rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Sirikun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.11.019","article-title":"Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in overweight and obese children","volume":"34","author":"Esposito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.208","article-title":"Obesity is associated with impaired immune response to influenza vaccination in humans","volume":"36","author":"Sheridan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00813-7","article-title":"TBE vaccination and the Austrian experience","volume":"21","author":"Kunz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300293","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and hepatitis B nonresponders feature different immunologic mechanisms in response to TBE and influenza vaccination with involvement of regulatory T and B cells and IL-10","volume":"191","author":"Garner-Spitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110027358","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of human tick-borne encephalitis virus antibody levels after injection with human tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin, solvent\/detergent treated, FSME-BULIN S\/D in healthy volunteers","volume":"33","author":"Adner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.5.8.8571","article-title":"Seropersistence of tick-borne encephalitis antibodies, safety and booster response to FSME-IMMUN 0","volume":"5","author":"Loew-Baselli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s150100050051","article-title":"Laboratory findings in tick-borne encephalitis\u2013correlation with clinical outcome","volume":"28","author":"Kaiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00302","article-title":"Advances in human B cell phenotypic profiling","volume":"3","author":"Kaminski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.04.010","article-title":"Understanding the generation and function of memory T cell subsets","volume":"17","author":"Lanzavecchia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2496","article-title":"Migration, maintenance and recall of memory T cells in peripheral tissues","volume":"9","author":"Woodland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07473-5","article-title":"Sex steroid hormones regulate leptin transcript accumulation and protein secretion in 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"7","author":"Jenks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3017-x","article-title":"Steroidogenic genes expressions are repressed by high levels of leptin and the JAK\/STAT signaling pathway in MA-10 Leydig cells","volume":"433","author":"Landry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.08.012","article-title":"The complex interaction between obesity, metabolic syndrome and reproductive axis: a narrative review","volume":"62","author":"Michalakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020087","article-title":"The deep correlation between energy metabolism and reproduction: a view on the effects of nutrition for women fertility","volume":"8","author":"Fontana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70049-9","article-title":"The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru167","article-title":"Sex-based differences in immune function and responses to vaccination","volume":"109","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321060111","article-title":"Systems analysis of sex differences reveals an immunosuppressive role for testosterone in the response to influenza vaccination","volume":"111","author":"Furman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.03.076","article-title":"Allergic patients with and without allergen-specific immunotherapy mount protective immune responses to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination in absence of enhanced side effects or propagation of their Th2 bias","volume":"36","author":"Garner-Spitzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21383","article-title":"Obesity decreases B cell responses in young and elderly individuals","volume":"24","author":"Frasca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.06.002","article-title":"Phenotype and functions of memory Tfh cells in human blood","volume":"35","author":"Schmitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3054","article-title":"Pathophysiology of T follicular helper cells in humans and mice","volume":"16","author":"Ueno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0268-3","article-title":"Human circulating T follicular helper cell subsets in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Ueno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12269","article-title":"Adipose invariant natural killer T cells","volume":"142","author":"Lynch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01587","article-title":"Tissue Immune cells fuel obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue and beyond","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.01.011","article-title":"A key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferation","volume":"26","author":"De Rosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0900-5","article-title":"T cell populations and functions are altered in human obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Touch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909406","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/909406","article-title":"Application of \u201csystems vaccinology\u201d to evaluate inflammation and reactogenicity of adjuvanted preventative vaccines","volume":"2015","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.035","article-title":"Assessment of sex-specific differences in adverse events following immunization reporting in Ontario, 2012-15","volume":"35","author":"Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0726-5","article-title":"Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity","volume":"41","author":"Fischinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.057","article-title":"Comparable immune responsiveness but increased reactogenicity after subcutaneous versus intramuscular administration of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine","volume":"34","author":"Hopf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00860\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T04:43:53Z","timestamp":1590554633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00860\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00860","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"article-number":"860"}}