{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:21:40Z","timestamp":1777929700388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T05:13:53Z","timestamp":1591766033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein (IFITM3) Is Upregulated Explicitly in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lung Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mahmood Yaseen","family":"Hachim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Al Heialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Yaseen","family":"Hachim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rabih","family":"Halwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abiola C.","family":"Senok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azzam A.","family":"Maghazachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qutayba","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m634","article-title":"Coronaviruses in animals and humans","volume":"368","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa029","article-title":"Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades","volume":"153","author":"Guarner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clini Pathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387","article-title":"Covid-19 - navigating the uncharted","volume":"382","author":"Fauci","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045842","article-title":"Lack of innate interferon responses during SARS coronavirus infection in a vaccination and reinfection ferret model","volume":"7","author":"Cameron","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008729","article-title":"Dynamic innate immune responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection","volume":"5","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018558","article-title":"Comparative pathogenesis of three human and zoonotic SARS-CoV strains in cynomolgus macaques","volume":"6","author":"Rockx","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01753","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01753-18","article-title":"Complement activation contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Gralinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02520-12","article-title":"Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells","volume":"87","author":"Sims","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069374","article-title":"A network integration approach to predict conserved regulators related to pathogenicity of influenza and SARS-CoV respiratory viruses","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004320","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004320","article-title":"The PDZ-binding motif of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein is a determinant of viral pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Jimenez-Guarde\u00f1o","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00638","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00638-15","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection","volume":"6","author":"Totura","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D991","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193","article-title":"NCBI GEO: archive for functional genomics data sets\u2014update","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.004655","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv. [Preprint]."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D948","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky868","article-title":"The comparative toxicogenomics database: update 2019","volume":"47","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100961","article-title":"Viral innate immune evasion and the pathogenesis of emerging RNA virus infections","volume":"11","author":"Nelemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.01.007","article-title":"Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice","volume":"19","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01084","article-title":"A model of superinfection of virus-infected zebrafish larvae: increased susceptibility to bacteria associated with neutrophil death","volume":"9","author":"Boucontet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-017-0377-y","article-title":"More than meets the I: the diverse antiviral and cellular functions of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retrovirology."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-018-0213-2","article-title":"IFITM3 directly engages and shuttles incoming virus particles to lysosomes","volume":"15","author":"Spence","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007532","article-title":"Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 blocks fusion of sensitive but not resistant viruses by partitioning into virus-carrying endosomes","volume":"15","author":"Suddala","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003124","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003124","article-title":"IFITM proteins restrict viral membrane hemifusion","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-018-0103-0","article-title":"Antiviral protection by IFITM3 in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Zani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060548","article-title":"IFITM3 clusters on virus containing endosomes and lysosomes early in the influenza A infection of human airway epithelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Kummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-09-873984","article-title":"Human megakaryocytes possess intrinsic antiviral immunity through regulated induction of IFITM3","volume":"133","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2019.01.004","article-title":"IFITM3: How genetics influence influenza infection demographically","volume":"42","author":"Wellington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2525","article-title":"Enhanced survival of lung tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells during infection with influenza virus due to selective expression of IFITM3","volume":"14","author":"Wakim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Two potential novel SARS-CoV-2 entries, TMPRSS2 and IFITM3, in healthy individuals and cancer patients","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Healthy Individuals Cancer Patients"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10921","article-title":"IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza","volume":"484","author":"Everitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4370","article-title":"SNP-mediated disruption of CTCF binding at the IFITM3 promoter is associated with risk of severe influenza in humans","volume":"23","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744100","article-title":"IFITM3 requires an amphipathic helix for antiviral activity","volume":"18","author":"Chesarino","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00175","article-title":"Insights into protein S-palmitoylation in synaptic plasticity and neurological disorders: potential and limitations of methods for detection and analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zareba-Kozio\u0142","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21517","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.800482","article-title":"The palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC20 enhances interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) palmitoylation and antiviral activity","volume":"292","author":"McMichael","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201900542","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900542","article-title":"Bat IFITM3 restriction depends on S-palmitoylation and a polymorphic site within the CD225 domain","volume":"3","author":"Benfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.22.002386","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction map reveals drug targets and potential drug-repurposing","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-020-00304-2","article-title":"Exploring the inhibitory activity of valproic acid against the HDAC family using an MMGBSA approach","author":"Sixto-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.06.004","article-title":"New pharmacological strategies to fight enveloped viruses","volume":"35","author":"Wisskirchen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816331-3.00009-X","article-title":"Trends in antiviral strategies","volume-title":"Virus as Populations (Second Edition)","author":"Domingo","year":"2020"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.26.20079988","article-title":"Methods of an open-label proof-of-concept trial of intravenous valproic acid for severe COVID-19","author":"Chiquete","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv. [Preprint]."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01372\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T14:50:18Z","timestamp":1591887018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01372\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01372","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"article-number":"1372"}}