{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:05:27Z","timestamp":1788393927572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014354","name":"Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T07:54:45Z","timestamp":1595577285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessment of the Characteristics and Associated Factors of Infectious Complications in Bullous Pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00603","article-title":"Mechanisms of autoantibody-induced pathology","volume":"8","author":"Ludwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02327","article-title":"Genetics and omics analysis of autoimmune skin blistering diseases","volume":"10","author":"Olbrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00220","article-title":"The growing incidence of bullous pemphigoid: overview and potential explanations","volume":"5","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.35","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in France","volume":"132","author":"Joly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a180","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a180","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris\u2013incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study","volume":"337","author":"Langan","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.006","article-title":"Mortality of patients with bullous pemphigoid in Korea","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19022.","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and mortality of bullous pemphigoid in England 1998-2017: a population-based cohort study","author":"Persson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12806","article-title":"Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Singapore: risk factors and causes of death in 359 patients seen at the National Skin Centre","volume":"170","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.7.903","article-title":"Risk factors for lethal outcome in patients with bullous pemphigoid: low serum albumin level, high dosage of glucocorticosteroids, and old age","volume":"138","author":"Rzany","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.6.691","article-title":"Prediction of survival for patients with bullous pemphigoid: a prospective study","volume":"141","author":"Joly","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000345625","article-title":"Mortality rate in bullous pemphigoid: a retrospective monocentric cohort study","volume":"225","author":"Cortes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12175","article-title":"Infection in autoimmune bullous diseases: a retrospective comparative study","volume":"40","author":"Lehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2010.03.015","article-title":"Cutaneous infections in bullous pemphigoid patients treated with topical corticosteroids","volume":"137","author":"Boughrara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13355","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for laboratory screening for infectious diseases before initiation of systemic immunosuppressive agents in patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses","volume":"171","author":"Keith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06488.x","article-title":"Immunosuppression and skin infection","volume":"93","author":"Savin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09350.x","article-title":"A population-based study of acute medical conditions associated with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"161","author":"Langan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.01.029","article-title":"Infectious complications in bullous pemphigoid: an analysis of risk factors","volume":"72","author":"Phoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14961","article-title":"Association of serious infections with pemphigus and pemphigoid: analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample","volume":"32","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12612","article-title":"S2k guideline for the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris\/foliaceus and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"13","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.5049","article-title":"Assessment of the prevalence of mucosal involvement in bullous pemphigoid","volume":"155","author":"Kridin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1736-1","article-title":"Prognostic factors for mortality in patients with bullous pemphigoid: a meta-analysis","volume":"309","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00238","article-title":"Comorbidities and treatment strategies in bullous pemphigoid: an appraisal of the existing litterature","volume":"5","author":"Bech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834295","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/834295","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris and infections: a retrospective study on 155 patients","volume":"2013","author":"Esmaili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.020","article-title":"Opportunistic infections in patients with pemphigus","volume":"71","author":"Leshem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.12.012","article-title":"Food for thought. malnutrition risk associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infection","volume":"101","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13799","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid complicated by cytomegalovirus disease as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: retrospective analyses of our institutional cases and literature review","volume":"57","author":"Narita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13042","article-title":"Possible enhancement of BP180 autoantibody production by herpes zoster","volume":"43","author":"Kamiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1099w","article-title":"Cutaneous mucormycosis following a bullous pemphigoid flare in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient on ibrutinib","volume":"9","author":"Stein","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Oncol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1385","article-title":"Cryptococcal cellulitis in a patient with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"93","author":"Sugiura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00396.x","article-title":"Disseminated cytomegalovirus disease as a cause of prolonged fever in a bullous pemphigoid patient under systemic steroid therapy","volume":"30","author":"Casals","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dermatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417712247","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma associated with iatrogenic immunosuppression: a rare complication of bullous pemphigoid treatment","volume":"21","author":"Tremblay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12803","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12803","article-title":"Anti-centrosome antibodies: prevalence and disease association in Chinese population","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.2808","article-title":"Determining the incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with autoimmune blistering diseases not receiving routine prophylaxis","volume":"153","author":"Amber","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04857.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with immunobullousdermatoses","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01607\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T07:54:48Z","timestamp":1595577288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01607\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01607","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"article-number":"1607"}}