{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:51:50Z","timestamp":1791996710218,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50-DK064540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50-DK064540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-DK111541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DK111541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-DK007126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-DK007126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T05:25:37Z","timestamp":1595913937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Androgen-Influenced Polarization of Activin A-Producing Macrophages Accompanies Post-pyelonephritic Renal Scarring"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Teri N.","family":"Hreha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyssa L.","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie M.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Hruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Hunstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00072-7","article-title":"Urinary tract infection: self-reported incidence and associated costs","volume":"10","author":"Foxman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP42360","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in men","volume":"42","author":"Hummers-Pradier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10059.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacteriuria during the first year of life","volume":"74","author":"Wettergren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta P\u00e6diatrica."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01054-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs","volume":"113","author":"Foxman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117402","article-title":"Clinical infections in the noninstitutionalized geriatric age group: methods utilized and incidence of infections: the pittsburgh good health study","volume":"141","author":"Ruben","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815e4122","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Shaikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-2-138","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in men","volume":"110","author":"Lipsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.1181","article-title":"Early antibiotic treatment for pediatric febrile urinary tract infection and renal scarring","volume":"170","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00272-7","article-title":"Acute pyelonephritis in US hospitals in 1997: hospitalization and in-hospital mortality","volume":"13","author":"Foxman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.10.1206","article-title":"Acute pyelonephritis in adults: prediction of mortality and failure of treatment","volume":"163","author":"Efstathiou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.1051","article-title":"Hospitalization for acute pyelonephritis in Manitoba, Canada, during the period from 1989 to 1992","volume":"22","author":"Nicolle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh308","article-title":"The epidemiology of acute pyelonephritis in South Korea, 1997-1999","volume":"160","author":"Ki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700993","article-title":"History of childhood kidney disease and risk of adult end-stage renal disease","volume":"378","author":"Calderon-Margalit","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018030296","article-title":"Sex-related disparities in CKD progression","volume":"30","author":"Ricardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030130","article-title":"Renal scar formation and kidney function following antibiotic-treated murine pyelonephritis","volume":"10","author":"Olson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.04.023","article-title":"Androgen exposure potentiates formation of intratubular communities and renal abscesses by Escherichia coli","volume":"94","author":"Olson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.895563","article-title":"Macrophages reprogrammed in vitro towards the M1 phenotype and activated with LPS extend lifespan of mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Kalish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit Basic Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn007","article-title":"Azithromycin alters macrophage phenotype","volume":"61","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.08.009","article-title":"Role of interplay between IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 in the in regulating M1 macrophage polarization induced by Nattectin","volume":"14","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12353","article-title":"M1 polarization and the effect of PGE2 on TNF-\u03b1 production by lymph node cells from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"38","author":"Venturin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017080863","article-title":"Macrophage uptake of necrotic cell DNA activates the AIM2 inflammasome to regulate a proinflammatory phenotype in CKD","volume":"29","author":"Komada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.10.020","article-title":"The pattern recognition receptor, mincle, is essential for maintaining the M1 macrophage phenotype in acute renal inflammation","volume":"91","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.09.022","article-title":"The macrophage phenotype and inflammasome component NLRP3 contributes to nephrocalcinosis-related chronic kidney disease independent from IL-1\u2013mediated tissue injury","volume":"93","author":"Anders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2705","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages","volume":"14","author":"Davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2109","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional plasticity of cells of innate immunity: macrophages, mast cells and neutrophils","volume":"12","author":"Galli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01040.x","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses to cell death","volume":"243","author":"Rock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00922.x","article-title":"Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment on phenotype, cytokine release and cytotoxicity of circulating blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"102","author":"Hennemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62950-1","article-title":"Inhibition of macrophage nuclear factor-\u03baB leads to a dominant anti-inflammatory phenotype that attenuates glomerular inflammation in vivo","volume":"167","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00158","article-title":"Inflammatory macrophage phenotype in BTBR T+tf\/J mice","volume":"7","author":"Onore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2356","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity","volume":"8","author":"Hamilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00614","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms that influence the macrophage M1-M2 polarization balance","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019060601","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204351","article-title":"Local macrophage proliferation, rather than recruitment from the blood, is a signature of TH2 inflammation","volume":"332","author":"Jenkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121999","article-title":"IL-4 directly signals tissue-resident macrophages to proliferate beyond homeostatic levels controlled by CSF-1","volume":"210","author":"Jenkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2741\/2692","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"13","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092533","article-title":"Eat me or die","volume":"302","author":"Savill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1159\/000373932","article-title":"Regulation of renal fibrosis by macrophage polarization","volume":"35","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-009-0557-5","article-title":"Progressive renal dysfunction and macrophage infiltration in interstitial fibrosis in an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis mouse model","volume":"131","author":"Tamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.08.020","article-title":"IL-4\/IL-13\u2013mediated polarization of renal macrophages\/dendritic cells to an M2a phenotype is essential for recovery from acute kidney injury","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6237","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803447","article-title":"M1 and M2a polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages inhibits HIV-1 replication by distinct mechanisms","volume":"182","author":"Cassol","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20130045","article-title":"Proinflammatory-activated glioma cells induce a switch in microglial polarization and activation status, from a predominant M2b phenotype to a mixture of M1 and M2a\/B polarized cells","volume":"6","author":"Lisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ASN Neuro."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104506","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104506","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway modulates influenza virus induced mouse alveolar macrophage polarization to M1\/M2b","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00912-13","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus interleukin-10 polarizes monocytes toward a deactivated M2c phenotype to repress host immune responses","volume":"87","author":"Avdic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.02.012","article-title":"The role of macrophage phenotype in vascularization of tissue engineering scaffolds","volume":"35","author":"Spiller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000820","article-title":"M2A and M2C macrophage subsets ameliorate inflammation and fibroproliferation in acute lung injury through interleukin-10 pathway","volume":"48","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.135","article-title":"Discrete functions of M2a and M2c macrophage subsets determine their relative efficacy in treating chronic kidney disease","volume":"84","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836989","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/836989","article-title":"Contrasting effects of systemic monocyte\/macrophage and CD4+ T cell depletion in a reversible ureteral obstruction mouse model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"2013","author":"Chaves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480559","article-title":"Serum concentrations of activin and follistatin are elevated and run in parallel in patients with septicemia","volume":"148","author":"Michel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00484.x","article-title":"Serum follistatin concentrations are increased in patients with septicaemia","volume":"48","author":"Michel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0042","article-title":"Strong induction of activin expression after injury suggests an important role of activin in wound repair","volume":"173","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.04.003","article-title":"Wounds increase activin in skin and a vasoactive neuropeptide in sensory ganglia","volume":"271","author":"Cruise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310000636a","article-title":"Dynamics and localization of activin A expression in rat gastric ulcers","volume":"38","author":"Becker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000103225.68136.E6","article-title":"Activin A is a potent activator of renal interstitial fibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Yamashita","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376191","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/376191","article-title":"Follistatin, an activin antagonist, ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"2014","author":"Maeshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F297","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00191.2016","article-title":"Involvement of infiltrating macrophage-derived activin A in the progression of renal damage in MRL-lpr mice","volume":"312","author":"Kadiombo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2006.01.001","article-title":"Roles of activin in tissue repair, fibrosis, and inflammatory disease","volume":"17","author":"Werner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223703","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223703","article-title":"Urinary activin A is a novel biomarker reflecting renal inflammation and tubular damage in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"14","author":"Takei","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.04.077","article-title":"Activin A inhibits activities of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages via TLR4, not of TLR2","volume":"435","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702626","article-title":"Induction of prostanoid, nitric oxide, and cytokine formation in rat bone marrow derived macrophages by activin A","volume":"127","author":"N\u00fcsing","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.50","article-title":"A critical role of activin A in maturation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.18","article-title":"Direct effects of activin A on the activation of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells","volume":"6","author":"Ge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.010","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of activin A on activation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"B65","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effects of activin A on the activities of the mouse peritoneal macrophages","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.6.2997","article-title":"Activin A stimulates type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-2) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages","volume":"165","author":"Ogawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2008.11.001","article-title":"Activin A down-regulates the phagocytosis of lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo","volume":"255","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6787","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6787","article-title":"Activin A functions as a Th2 cytokine in the promotion of the alternative activation of macrophages","volume":"177","author":"Ogawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015030327","article-title":"Androgens enhance male urinary tract infection severity in a new model","volume":"27","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"031","article-title":"The endocrine-metabolic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes in metabolically obese normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Gamal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Womens Health Gynecol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.02.029","article-title":"Maternal and female fetal virilization caused by pregnancy luteomas","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.195230","article-title":"Differential macrophage polarization in male and female BALB\/c mice infected with coxsackievirus B3 defines susceptibility to viral myocarditis","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00367","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone increases cytotoxic activity of macrophages on prostate cancer cells via trail","volume":"160","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5918","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-340281","article-title":"Sex differences in resident immune cell phenotype underlie more efficient acute inflammatory responses in female mice","volume":"118","author":"Scotland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.018","article-title":"Host and environmental factors influencing individual human cytokine responses","volume":"167","author":"ter Horst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.063545","article-title":"Testosterone reduces macrophage expression in the mouse of Toll-like receptor 4, a trigger for inflammation and innate immunity","volume":"78","author":"Rettew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215704","article-title":"Androgen receptor\u2013mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing","volume":"110","author":"Ashcroft","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B78","first-page":"47","article-title":"Aging alters the inflammatory and endothelial cell adhesion molecule profiles during human cutaneous wound healing","volume":"78","author":"Ashcroft","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab Investig."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-3-322","article-title":"Participation of different macrophage populations and myofibroblastic cells in chronically developed renal interstitial fibrosis after cisplatin-induced renal injury in rats","volume":"39","author":"Yamate","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Pathol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01439.x","article-title":"Alteration in the phenotype of macrophages in the repair of renal interstitial fibrosis in mice","volume":"16","author":"Kushiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrology."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2012.00131","article-title":"Signaling pathway is involved in renal fibrosis by favoring a TH2 immune response and activating alternative M2 macrophages","volume":"18","author":"Braga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1043","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00389.2012","article-title":"Role of macrophages in the fibrotic phase of rat crescentic glomerulonephritis","volume":"304","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.037","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor-1 promotes kidney growth and repair via alteration of macrophage responses","volume":"179","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9941-y","article-title":"Macrophages regulate renal fibrosis through modulating TGF\u03b2 superfamily signaling","volume":"37","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902179106","article-title":"Positive selection identifies an in vivo role for FimH during urinary tract infection in addition to mannose binding","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2014.11.004","article-title":"Perivascular Gli1+ progenitors are key contributors to injury-induced organ fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kramann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.116","article-title":"A murine model of urinary tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Hung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protocol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2854-5_14","article-title":"A murine model for Escherichia coli urinary tract infection","volume":"1333","author":"Hannan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"B89","first-page":"15579","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of follistatin, an activin-binding protein","volume":"268","author":"Suginos","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2106159","article-title":"Activin-binding protein from rat ovary is follistatin","volume":"247","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-2-815","article-title":"Recombinant expression of human follistatin with 315 and 288 amino acids: chemical and biological comparison with native porcine follistatin","volume":"129","author":"Inouye","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034227","article-title":"Mechanisms of renal fibrosis","volume":"80","author":"Humphreys","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034356","article-title":"Mechanisms of organ injury and repair by macrophages","volume":"79","author":"Vannella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0407","article-title":"Disclosure of the culprits: macrophages\u2014versatile regulators of wound healing","volume":"2","author":"Sindrilaru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.48","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2: the master regulator of fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0110-2","article-title":"Macrophages: versatile players in renal inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.017","article-title":"The M2a macrophage subset may be critically involved in the fibrogenesis of endometriosis in mice","volume":"37","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102314","article-title":"Activin A in the regulation of immunity in health and disease","volume":"104","author":"Morianos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.347","article-title":"Local macrophage proliferation in the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in rat anti-GBM glomerulonephritis","volume":"48","author":"Lan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2726-y","article-title":"Macrophage-mediated injury and repair after ischemic kidney injury","volume":"30","author":"Huen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.060002614.x","article-title":"Tubules are the major site of M-CSF production in experimental kidney disease: correlation with local macrophage proliferation","volume":"60","author":"Isbel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling","volume":"229","author":"Mantovani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.12.001","article-title":"Macrophages and fibrosis: how resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes orchestrate all phases of tissue injury and repair","volume":"1832","author":"Lech","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)90039-6","article-title":"The mucosal cytokine response to urinary tract infections","volume":"4","author":"Hedges","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00327","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00327-18","article-title":"Urine cytokine and chemokine levels predict urinary tract infection severity independent of uropathogen, urine bacterial burden, host genetics, and host age","volume":"86","author":"Armbruster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02490062","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of cytokines in patients with pyelonephritis and cystitis","volume":"4","author":"Sakumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T05:25:43Z","timestamp":1595913943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01641","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"article-number":"1641"}}