{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:38:59Z","timestamp":1790739539697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T01:21:08Z","timestamp":1599787268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Surfing on Membrane Waves: Microvilli, Curved Membranes, and Immune Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ron","family":"Orbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2012.09.001","article-title":"Membrane curvature and its generation by BAR proteins.","volume":"37","author":"Mim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201604003","article-title":"Membrane curvature in cell biology: an integration of molecular mechanisms.","volume":"214","author":"Jarsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02152","article-title":"Membrane ultrastructure and T cell activation.","volume":"9","author":"Pettmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0144-2","article-title":"F-BAR family proteins, emerging regulators for cell membrane dynamic changes-from structure to human diseases.","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.3.867","article-title":"T cell lines characterize events in the pathogenesis of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.","volume":"176","author":"Molina","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32486","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m110.139576","article-title":"Membrane curvature induction and tubulation are common features of synucleins and apolipoproteins.","volume":"285","author":"Varkey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.138.3.607","article-title":"Identification of human B and T lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy.","volume":"138","author":"Polliack","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1030502100","article-title":"Dynamic assembly of surface structures in living cells.","volume":"100","author":"Gorelik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125234","article-title":"Structure, regulation, and functional diversity of microvilli on the apical domain of epithelial cells.","volume":"31","author":"Sauvanet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-149526","article-title":"Dendritic cell microvilli: a novel membrane structure associated with the multifocal synapse and T-cell clustering.","volume":"112","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-s3-s1","article-title":"The sense of smell, its signalling pathways, and the dichotomy of cilia and microvilli in olfactory sensory cells.","author":"Elsaesser","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC neuroscience."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.67.3.725","article-title":"Organization of an actin filament-membrane complex. Filament polarity and membrane attachment in the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells.","volume":"67","author":"Mooseker","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0437","article-title":"Lymphocyte microvilli are dynamic, actin-dependent structures that do not require Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) for their morphology.","volume":"104","author":"Majstoravich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.119.5.1219","article-title":"Nerve growth cone lamellipodia contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in organization and polarity.","volume":"119","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200210174","article-title":"Mechanism of filopodia initiation by reorganization of a dendritic network.","volume":"160","author":"Svitkina","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.94.2.425","article-title":"Organization of actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments in the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells.","volume":"94","author":"Hirokawa","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1007-1110","article-title":"The many faces of actin: matching assembly factors with cellular structures.","volume":"9","author":"Chhabra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/261239a0","article-title":"Purported difference between human T-and B-cell surface morphology is an artefact.","volume":"261","author":"Alexander","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5916","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605399113","article-title":"Three-dimensional localization of T-cell receptors in relation to microvilli using a combination of superresolution microscopies.","volume":"113","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3118","article-title":"Visualizing dynamic microvillar search and stabilization during ligand detection by T cells.","volume":"356","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06090-8","article-title":"T cell microvilli constitute immunological synaptosomes that carry messages to antigen-presenting cells.","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.069","article-title":"Dependent assembly of T cell receptor signaling and co-stimulatory molecules on microvilli prior to activation.","volume":"30","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v98.4.1086","article-title":"Cdc42, Rac1, and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein are involved in the cytoskeletal regulation of B lymphocytes.","volume":"98","author":"Westerberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-12-3807","article-title":"Chemokine stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes induces rapid dephosphorylation of ERM proteins, which facilitates loss of microvilli and polarization.","volume":"102","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001139","article-title":"Conformational switching in ezrin regulates morphological and cytoskeletal changes required for B cell chemotaxis.","volume":"186","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.4985","article-title":"Rac1 mediates collapse of microvilli on chemokine-activated T lymphocytes.","volume":"173","author":"Nijhara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1039","article-title":"ERM proteins regulate cytoskeleton relaxation promoting T cell-APC conjugation.","volume":"5","author":"Faure","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000115785","article-title":"Effective treatment of a refractory hairy cell leukemia variant with splenic pre-irradiation and alemtuzumab.","volume":"119","author":"Sasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-015-1881-x","article-title":"CD27-positive hairy cell leukemia-Japanese variant.","volume":"468","author":"Tabata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.6.2008","article-title":"Polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with features resembling hairy cell leukemia-Japanese variant.","volume":"89","author":"Machii","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.565095","article-title":"Surface topography of hairy cell leukemia cells compared to other leukemias as seen by scanning electron microscopy.","author":"Polliack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-9822(98)00015-3","article-title":"Scar1 and the related Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP, regulate the actin cytoskeleton through the Arp2\/3 complex.","volume":"8","author":"Machesky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/35050590","article-title":"Interaction of WASP\/Scar proteins with actin and vertebrate Arp2\/3 complex.","volume":"3","author":"Marchand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb870","article-title":"Conformational changes in the Arp2\/3 complex leading to actin nucleation.","volume":"12","author":"Rodal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020091","article-title":"Activation of Arp2\/3 complex: addition of the first subunit of the new filament by a WASP protein triggers rapid ATP hydrolysis on Arp2.","volume":"2","author":"Dayel","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E472","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100236108","article-title":"Arp2\/3 complex is bound and activated by two WASP proteins.","volume":"108","author":"Padrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.12.024","article-title":"A novel actin-binding motif in Las17\/WASP nucleates actin filaments independently of Arp2\/3.","volume":"23","author":"Urbanek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.6.1329.1329","article-title":"Morphological abnormalities in the lymphocytes of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.","volume":"68","author":"Kenney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.8.3089","article-title":"Defective actin reorganization and polymerization of Wiskott-Aldrich T cells in response to CD3-mediated stimulation.","volume":"90","author":"Gallego","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9896(199805)185:13.0.co;2-l","article-title":"Defective actin polymerization in EBV-transformed B-cell lines from patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.","volume":"185","author":"Facchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-236174","article-title":"A congenital activating mutant of WASp causes altered plasma membrane topography and adhesion under flow in lymphocytes.","volume":"115","author":"Burns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1003","article-title":"Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein deficiency leads to reduced B-cell adhesion, migration, and homing, and a delayed humoral immune response.","volume":"105","author":"Westerberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20312","article-title":"Arp2 depletion inhibits sheet-like protrusions but not linear protrusions of fibroblasts and lymphocytes.","volume":"65","author":"Nicholson-Dykstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskeleton."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.91.1.17","article-title":"Surface redistribution of 125I-insulin in cultured human lymphocytes.","volume":"91","author":"Carpentier","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388754","article-title":"Spatial distribution of L-selectin (CD62L) on human lymphocytes and transfected murine L1-2 cells.","volume":"27","author":"Hasslen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histochem J."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90278-3","article-title":"A central role for microvillous receptor presentation in leukocyte adhesion under flow.","volume":"82","author":"von Andrian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90491-3","article-title":"alpha 4 integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiologic flow.","volume":"80","author":"Berlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.75.8.3779-3790.2001","article-title":"CCR5, CXCR4, and CD4 are clustered and closely apposed on microvilli of human macrophages and T cells.","volume":"75","author":"Singer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042689099","article-title":"p56Lck anchors CD4 to distinct microdomains on microvilli.","volume":"99","author":"Foti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800016a","article-title":"Enrichment of distinct microfilament-associated and GTP-binding-proteins in membrane\/microvilli fractions from lymphoid cells.","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Proteome Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8732-0","article-title":"Sample preparation strategies for improving the identification of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry.","volume":"407","author":"Alfonso-Garrido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.022","article-title":"T Cell activation through isolated tight contacts.","volume":"29","author":"Razvag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.21.109074","article-title":"CD45 pre-exclusion from the tips of microvilli establishes a phosphatase-free zone for early TCR triggering.","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1369","article-title":"The kinetic-segregation model: TCR triggering and beyond.","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0203","article-title":"Cytoskeletal polarization and redistribution of cell-surface molecules during T cell antigen recognition.","volume":"12","author":"van der Merwe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Immunol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80617-7","article-title":"The structure and ligand interactions of CD2: implications for T-cell function.","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03843","article-title":"T-cell receptor triggering is critically dependent on the dimensions of its peptide-MHC ligand.","volume":"436","author":"Choudhuri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3392","article-title":"Initiation of T cell signaling by CD45 segregation at \u201cclose contacts\u201d.","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03127-w","article-title":"Nanoscale kinetic segregation of TCR and CD45 in engaged microvilli facilitates early T cell activation.","volume":"9","author":"Razvag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14002","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817255116","article-title":"A cell topography-based mechanism for ligand discrimination by the T cell receptor.","volume":"116","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.059","article-title":"Size-dependent segregation controls macrophage phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets.","volume":"174","author":"Bakalar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200203043","article-title":"T cell receptor ligation induces the formation of dynamically regulated signaling assemblies.","volume":"158","author":"Bunnell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051182","article-title":"Actin and agonist MHC\u2013peptide complex\u2013dependent T cell receptor microclusters as scaffolds for signaling.","volume":"202","author":"Campi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12951","article-title":"Polarized release of T-cell-receptor-enriched microvesicles at the immunological synapse.","volume":"507","author":"Choudhuri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.47528","article-title":"Composition and structure of synaptic ectosomes exporting antigen receptor linked to functional CD40 ligand from helper T cells.","volume":"8","author":"Saliba","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04396","article-title":"Membrane curvature and mechanisms of dynamic cell membrane remodelling.","volume":"438","author":"McMahon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0381-7","article-title":"Ankyrin repeat-containing N-Ank proteins shape cellular membranes.","volume":"21","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201807119","article-title":"BAR scaffolds drive membrane fission by crowding disordered domains.","volume":"218","author":"Snead","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8875","article-title":"Intrinsically disordered proteins drive membrane curvature.","volume":"6","author":"Busch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.21.109751","article-title":"Membrane bending by protein phase separation.","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.04.010","article-title":"The BAR domain superfamily: membrane-molding macromolecules.","volume":"137","author":"Frost","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.12.029","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of membrane deformation by I-BAR domain proteins.","volume":"19","author":"Saarikangas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-018-0467-7","article-title":"BAR domain proteins-a linkage between cellular membranes, signaling pathways, and the actin cytoskeleton.","volume":"10","author":"Carman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys Rev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20454","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m710185200","article-title":"The Cdc42 effector IRSp53 generates filopodia by coupling membrane protrusion with actin dynamics.","volume":"283","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200609176","article-title":"Missing-in-metastasis and IRSp53 deform PI(4,5)P2-rich membranes by an inverse BAR domain-like mechanism.","volume":"176","author":"Mattila","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.106484","article-title":"LIN7 regulates the filopodium- and neurite-promoting activity of IRSp53.","volume":"125","author":"Crespi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e18-09-0600","article-title":"IRSp53 coordinates AMPK and 14-3-3 signaling to regulate filopodia dynamics and directed cell migration.","volume":"30","author":"Kast","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8162","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00469-15","article-title":"Involvement of the Rac1-IRSp53-Wave2-Arp2\/3 Signaling Pathway in HIV-1 Gag particle release in CD4 T Cells.","volume":"89","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201909178","article-title":"A direct role for SNX9 in the biogenesis of filopodia.","volume":"219","author":"Jarsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191710","article-title":"Self-assembly of filopodia-like structures on supported lipid bilayers.","volume":"329","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.04.014","article-title":"SNX9 couples actin assembly to phosphoinositide signals and is required for membrane remodeling during endocytosis.","volume":"13","author":"Yarar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610543104","article-title":"Interaction of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein with sorting nexin 9 is required for CD28 endocytosis and cosignaling in T cells.","volume":"104","author":"Badour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinim.2012.04.001","article-title":"Testing for HLA\/peptide tetramer-binding to the T cell receptor complex on human T lymphocytes.","volume":"2","author":"Weder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Results Immunol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169218","article-title":"Geometric cue for protein localization in a bacterium.","volume":"323","author":"Ramamurthi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201512029","article-title":"Micron-scale plasma membrane curvature is recognized by the septin cytoskeleton.","volume":"213","author":"Bridges","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/09687860600682536","article-title":"Curvature-dependent lateral distribution of raft markers in the human erythrocyte membrane.","volume":"23","author":"H\u00e4gerstrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Membr Biol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.12.012","article-title":"Membrane shape modulates transmembrane protein distribution.","volume":"28","author":"Aimon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9728","article-title":"Transmembrane protein sorting driven by membrane curvature.","volume":"6","author":"Strahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2372","article-title":"Membrane curvature regulates ligand-specific membrane sorting of GPCRs in living cells.","volume":"13","author":"Rosholm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.98","article-title":"Nanoscale manipulation of membrane curvature for probing endocytosis in live cells.","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900343","article-title":"Membrane curvature sensing of the lipid-anchored K-Ras small GTPase.","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2019.02.023","article-title":"Leukocyte cytoskeleton polarization is initiated by plasma membrane curvature from cell attachment.","volume":"49","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910166116","article-title":"Membrane curvature underlies actin reorganization in response to nanoscale surface topography.","volume":"116","author":"Lou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01554-9","article-title":"Membrane curvature induced by proximity of anionic phospholipids can initiate endocytosis.","volume":"8","author":"Hirama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1784","article-title":"How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature.","volume":"7","author":"Zimmerberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134389","article-title":"PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 lipids target proteins with polybasic clusters to the plasma membrane.","volume":"314","author":"Heo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152066","article-title":"Membrane phosphatidylserine regulates surface charge and protein localization.","volume":"319","author":"Yeung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2351","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine is polarized and required for proper Cdc42 localization and for development of cell polarity.","volume":"13","author":"Fairn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.122325","article-title":"Sphingomyelin clustering is essential for the formation of microvilli.","volume":"126","author":"Ikenouchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106097923","article-title":"Evidence of cholesterol accumulated in high curvature regions: implications to the curvature elastic enregy for lipid mixtures.","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys J."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003911","article-title":"Lipid clustering correlates with membrane curvature as revealed by molecular simulations of complex lipid bilayers","volume":"10","author":"Kolds\u00f8","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2019.106275","article-title":"A molecular dynamics study proposing the existence of statistical structural heterogeneity due to chain orientation in the POPC-cholesterol bilayer.","volume":"257","author":"Favela-Rosales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys Chem."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3495(99)77049-9","article-title":"Structure of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine\/cholesterol bilayer at low and high cholesterol concentrations: molecular dynamics simulation.","volume":"77","author":"Smondyrev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biophys J."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh031","article-title":"Microvilli structures on B lymphocytes: inducible functional domains?","volume":"16","author":"Greicius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06952","article-title":"Mechanism of shape determination in motile cells.","volume":"453","author":"Keren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00253","article-title":"The emerging role of the mammalian glycocalyx in functional membrane organization and immune system regulation.","volume":"8","author":"M\u00f6ckl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.81","article-title":"Molecular organization of the mucins and glycocalyx underlying mucus transport over mucosal surfaces of the airways.","volume":"6","author":"Kesimer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.017","article-title":"Physical principles of membrane shape regulation by the glycocalyx.","volume":"177","author":"Shurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06304.x","article-title":"T cells modulate glycans on CD43 and CD45 during development and activation, signal regulation, and survival.","volume":"1253","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02754","article-title":"Glycans as key checkpoints of T cell activity and function.","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B111","first-page":"310","article-title":"Expression of soluble isoforms of rat CD45. Analysis by electron microscopy and use in epitope mapping of anti-CD45R monoclonal antibodies.","volume":"76","author":"McCall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89183-9","article-title":"Purification and characterization of an F-actin-bundling 55-kilodalton protein from HeLa cells.","volume":"260","author":"Yamashiro-Matsumura","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200603013","article-title":"Role of fascin in filopodial protrusion.","volume":"174","author":"Vignjevic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200309093","article-title":"Espin cross-links cause the elongation of microvillus-type parallel actin bundles in vivo.","volume":"163","author":"Loomis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.4.1711","article-title":"Preliminary biochemical characterization of the stereocilia and cuticular plate of hair cells of the chick cochlea.","volume":"109","author":"Tilney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.37262","article-title":"Ezrin enrichment on curved membranes requires a specific conformation or interaction with a curvature-sensitive partner.","volume":"7","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8465","article-title":"Targeted inhibition of fascin function blocks tumour invasion and metastatic colonization.","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9529","article-title":"IRSp53 senses negative membrane curvature and phase separates along membrane tubules.","volume":"6","author":"Pr\u00e9vost","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.054","article-title":"Cell membranes resist flow.","volume":"175","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15892","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518765113","article-title":"Negative membrane curvature catalyzes nucleation of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III assembly.","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0161-7","article-title":"A nanostructure platform for live-cell manipulation of membrane curvature.","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9096","DOI":"10.1021\/la061934p","article-title":"Lipid diffusion in giant unilamellar vesicles is more than 2 times faster than in supported phospholipid bilayers under identical conditions.","volume":"22","author":"Przybylo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1021\/jp412203t","article-title":"Tracking single particles on supported lipid membranes: multimobility diffusion and nanoscopic confinement.","volume":"118","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/589440","article-title":"CD2 expression acts as a quantitative checkpoint for immunological synapse structure and T-cell activation.","author":"Demetriou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biorxiv"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1832","article-title":"TCR and Lat are expressed on separate protein islands on T cell membranes and concatenate during activation.","volume":"11","author":"Lillemeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9964","article-title":"Phase separation of signaling molecules promotes T cell receptor signal transduction.","volume":"352","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07596","article-title":"Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell.","volume":"457","author":"Eggeling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6412","article-title":"Scanning STED-FCS reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lipid interaction in the plasma membrane of living cells.","volume":"5","author":"Honigmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0092-4","article-title":"Monomeric TCRs drive T cell antigen recognition.","volume":"19","author":"Brameshuber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2621","article-title":"Matching cellular dimensions with molecular sizes.","volume":"14","author":"Reth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2019.00045","article-title":"T-cell mechanobiology: force sensation, potentiation, and translation.","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Phys."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222376","article-title":"Photomechanical responses in Drosophila photoreceptors.","volume":"338","author":"Hardie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02187\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1617213586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02187\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"article-number":"2187"}}