{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:40:55Z","timestamp":1793126455476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":325,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T13:26:01Z","timestamp":1601299561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bozidarka L.","family":"Zaric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena N.","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Gluvic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magbubah","family":"Essack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaa","family":"Motwalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Gojobori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esma R.","family":"Isenovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000350","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2015.06.006","article-title":"Global overview of the epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"46","author":"Barquera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000491","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2013an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811018-8.00004-7","article-title":"Chapter 4 - overview of different medical imaging techniques for the identification of coronary atherosclerotic plaques","volume-title":"Computing and Visualization for Intravascular Imaging and Computer-Assisted Stenting.","author":"Taki","year":"2017"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.055","article-title":"Macrophage phenotypic plasticity in atherosclerosis: the associated features and the peculiarities of the expression of inflammatory genes","volume":"184","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2174\/187152911798346972","article-title":"Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in pathophysiological conditions","volume":"11","author":"Isenovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190903112146","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in dyslipidaemia: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"27","author":"Zaric","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3764252","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3764252","article-title":"Redox control of vascular biology","volume":"2019","author":"Obradovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxdi Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.18585\/inabj.v10i2.479","article-title":"Advanced in molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis: from lipids to inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Meiliana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indones Biomed J."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2013.09.004","article-title":"Nitric oxide, a protective molecule in the cardiovascular system","volume":"35","author":"Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10417","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10417","article-title":"Identification of vascular endothelial genes differentially responsive to fluid mechanical stimuli: cyclooxygenase-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase are selectively up-regulated by steady laminar shear stress","volume":"93","author":"Topper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B15","first-page":"775","article-title":"Dietary induced atherogenesis in swine. Morphology of the intima in prelesion stages","volume":"95","author":"Gerrity","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.1121","article-title":"Mechanosensitive production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and smooth muscle cells: role in microvascular remodeling?","volume":"8","author":"Ungvari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081109","article-title":"Inflammation as a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114271","article-title":"Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man","volume":"84","author":"Yla-Herttuala","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2014.992063","article-title":"Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"52","author":"Trpkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-42880-4.00004-2","article-title":"4 - Basic Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis","volume-title":"Chronic Coronary Artery Disease","author":"B\u00e4ck","year":"2018"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0227-9","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Basatemur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202","article-title":"Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites","volume":"325","author":"Swirski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29950","article-title":"Ly-6Chi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata","volume":"117","author":"Swirski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.82.3.597","article-title":"Reversible accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages incubated with acetylated lipoproteins","volume":"82","author":"Brown","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.52.070183.001255","article-title":"Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis","volume":"52","author":"Brown","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2015.88","article-title":"Leucine supplementation via drinking water reduces atherosclerotic lesions in apoE null mice","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1236","article-title":"Regression of atherosclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000377","article-title":"It is not just lipids: proatherogenic vs. antiatherogenic roles for amino acids in macrophage foam cell formation","volume":"28","author":"Rom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00654.x","article-title":"Changing concepts of atherogenesis","volume":"247","author":"Libby","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/35025203","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"407","author":"Lusis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90566-5","volume":"344","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials","volume":"376","author":"Baigent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.13985","article-title":"Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Silverman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","article-title":"Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"376","author":"Sabatine","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","article-title":"Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"379","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13092","article-title":"Treatment of atherosclerotic plaque: perspectives on theranostics","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10337","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10337","article-title":"Specific amino acids affect cardiovascular diseases and atherogenesis via protection against macrophage foam cell formation: review article","volume":"9","author":"Grajeda-Iglesias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med J."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.12.006","article-title":"Cytoskeleton deregulation and impairment in amino acids and energy metabolism in early atherosclerosis at aortic tissue with reflection in plasma","volume":"4","author":"Martin-Lorenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700756","article-title":"BCAA metabolism and insulin sensitivity - dysregulated by metabolic status?","volume":"62","author":"Gannon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099598","article-title":"Association of branched-chain amino acids with carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.11.005","article-title":"Defective branched-chain amino acid catabolism disrupts glucose metabolism and sensitizes the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0381-7_67","article-title":"Tryptophan and atherosclerosis","volume":"398","author":"Baldo-Enzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1823-y","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and fat metabolism in rats with L-tryptophan supplementation","volume":"46","author":"Ruan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x03vm474oa","article-title":"Oral L-arginine improves endothelial function in healthy individuals older than 70 years","volume":"8","author":"Bode-Boger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115937","article-title":"Antiatherogenic effects of L-arginine in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit","volume":"90","author":"Cooke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00354-8","article-title":"Effect of supplemental oral L-arginine on exercise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris","volume":"80","author":"Ceremuzynski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1282","article-title":"Dietary L-arginine reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: comparison with lovastatin","volume":"96","author":"Boger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00781-X","article-title":"Serum cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, and vasomotor responses to L-arginine in narrowed epicardial coronary arteries","volume":"85","author":"Tentolouris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90433-2","article-title":"Dietary arginine prevents atherogenesis in the coronary artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.099","article-title":"Homoarginine \u2014 an independent marker of mortality in heart failure","volume":"168","author":"Atzler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025673","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with homoarginine preserves cardiac function in a murine model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure","volume":"135","author":"Atzler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.24.453","article-title":"Distribution of twenty-four hour urinary taurine excretion and association with ischemic heart disease mortality in 24 populations of 16 countries: results from the WHO-CARDIAC study","volume":"24","author":"Yamori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0596-5","article-title":"High dietary taurine inhibits myocardial apoptosis during an atherogenic diet: association with increased myocardial HSP70 and HSF-1 but not caspase 3","volume":"53","author":"Setyarani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.56.95","article-title":"Usefulness of taurine in chronic congestive heart failure and its prospective application","volume":"56","author":"Azuma","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.1755","article-title":"Improving effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the oxidative stress and lipid levels in the plasma, liver and aorta of rabbits fed on a high-cholesterol diet","volume":"66","author":"Balkan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0182-8_68","article-title":"Effects of oral taurine supplementation on lipids and sympathetic nerve tone","volume":"403","author":"Mizushima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2001.03527.x","article-title":"Taurine inhibits development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"28","author":"Kondo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00128-8","article-title":"Cysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor in hyperlipidemic patients","volume":"146","author":"Jacob","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08936-1","article-title":"Assessing the causal association of glycine with risk of cardio-metabolic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wittemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130164","article-title":"Glycine restores glutathione and protects against oxidative stress in vascular tissue from sucrose-fed rats","volume":"126","author":"Ruiz-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301714","article-title":"Plasma dimethylglycine and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris","volume":"33","author":"Svingen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1422-8","article-title":"Glycine reduces platelet aggregation","volume":"44","author":"Schemmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0269-0","article-title":"Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311572","article-title":"Amino acids and their metabolism in atherosclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Nitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557515666151016125826","article-title":"Benefits of L-arginine on cardiovascular system","volume":"16","author":"Sudar-Milovanovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9856-9","article-title":"Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in heart failure: insights from genetic models","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.6.1583S","article-title":"Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise","volume":"134","author":"Shimomura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077319","article-title":"Relative amino acid composition signatures of organisms and environments","volume":"8","author":"Moura","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157535","article-title":"The rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1","volume":"320","author":"Sancak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.4.996S","article-title":"Manufacture and use of dairy protein fractions","volume":"134","author":"Etzel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02591577","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of leucines, non-metabolizable leucine analogues and other insulin secretagogues on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase","volume":"13","author":"Gylfe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol Lat."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1974.226.2.411","article-title":"Metabolic fate of leucine: a significant sterol precursor in adipose tissue and muscle","volume":"226","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0678-0","article-title":"HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action","volume":"40","author":"Zanchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.013","article-title":"Leucine signals to mTORC1 via its metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A","volume":"29","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-10-6","article-title":"International society of sports nutrition position stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00071-8","article-title":"2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: impaired catabolism of isoleucine presenting as neurodegenerative disease","volume":"26","author":"Sass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B77","volume-title":"Biochemistry","author":"Mathews","year":"2000"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4057","article-title":"A branched-chain amino acid metabolite drives vascular fatty acid transport and causes insulin resistance","volume":"22","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-018-0271-1","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements","volume":"15","author":"Hole\u010dek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Metab."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1611-0","article-title":"The link between vascular deterioration and branched chain amino acids in a population with high glycated haemoglobin: the SABPA study","volume":"45","author":"Mels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-015-0041-4","article-title":"Causes of changes in carotid intima-media thickness: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw143","article-title":"Cumulative consumption of branched-chain amino acids and incidence of type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.285841","article-title":"Dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in relation to incident type 2 diabetes risk among high-risk women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"64","author":"Tobias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.036","article-title":"Validation of the association between a branched chain amino acid metabolite profile and extremes of coronary artery disease in patients referred for cardiac catheterization","volume":"232","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091006","article-title":"PGC-1alpha-mediated branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the skeletal muscle","volume":"9","author":"Hatazawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu123","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid metabolism: from rare Mendelian diseases to more common disorders","volume":"23","author":"Burrage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.6.1527S","article-title":"Overview of the molecular and biochemical basis of branched-chain amino acid catabolism","volume":"135","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000552","article-title":"Altered branched chain amino acid metabolism: toward a unifying cardiometabolic hypothesis","volume":"33","author":"Tobias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020226","article-title":"Catabolic defect of branched-chain amino acids promotes heart failure","volume":"133","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.9775\/kvfd.2017.19219","article-title":"Impact of supplementation with branched chain amino acids on myocardium and coronary in regularly and intensively exercising rats","volume":"24","author":"Renc\u00fczogullari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004801","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004801","article-title":"Large-scale metabolomic profiling identifies novel biomarkers for incident coronary heart disease","volume":"10","author":"Ganna","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029468","article-title":"Metabolic predictors of incident coronary heart disease in women","volume":"137","author":"Paynter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.044","article-title":"Comprehensive metabolomic characterization of coronary artery diseases","volume":"68","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.06.021","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids ameliorate heart failure with cardiac cachexia in rats","volume":"137","author":"Tanada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.214700","article-title":"Amino acid intakes are inversely associated with arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in women","volume":"145","author":"Jennings","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1415","article-title":"Leucine supplementation attenuates macrophage foam-cell formation: studies in humans, mice, and cultured macrophages","volume":"44","author":"Grajeda-Iglesias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofactors."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000494","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids and atherosclerosis: friends or foes?","volume":"29","author":"Grajeda-Iglesias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1503-x","article-title":"BCAA catabolism in brown fat controls energy homeostasis through SLC25A44","volume":"572","author":"Yoneshiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399406000068","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in the central nervous system: medical implications","volume":"8","author":"Ruddick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21431","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201708200","article-title":"Complete reconstitution of the human coenzyme a biosynthetic pathway via comparative genomics","volume":"277","author":"Daugherty","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.08.005","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"323","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.015","article-title":"Expression of the kynurenine pathway enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is increased in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992997s","article-title":"3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid generate hydrogen peroxide and promote alpha-crystallin cross-linking by metal ion reduction","volume":"39","author":"Goldstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(81)90587-2","article-title":"Quinolinic acid: a potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS","volume":"72","author":"Stone","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91048-4","article-title":"An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid","volume":"247","author":"Perkins","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90826-W","article-title":"Quinolinate-induced cortical cholinergic damage: modulation by tryptophan metabolites","volume":"529","author":"Jhamandas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.06.008","article-title":"5-hydroxytryptamine and the gastrointestinal tract: where next?","volume":"29","author":"Sanger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459208994781","article-title":"L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review","volume":"67","author":"Sandyk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14026","article-title":"Regulating the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism","volume":"284","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13033","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517820112","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 is protective in atherosclerosis and its metabolites provide new opportunities for drug development","volume":"112","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs175","article-title":"The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid lowers plasma lipids and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.004","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase fine-tunes immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis and colitis through repression of interleukin-10 production","volume":"22","author":"Metghalchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01186.x","article-title":"Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease","volume":"33","author":"Wirleitner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5952-4_89","article-title":"Impairment of kynurenine metabolism in cardiovascular disease","volume":"294","author":"Rudzite","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.7.1835S","article-title":"Dispensable and indispensable amino acids for humans","volume":"130","author":"Reeds","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/116.1.36","article-title":"Arginine needs, physiological state and usual diets. A reevaluation","volume":"116","author":"Visek","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2003.11605.x","article-title":"Arginine physiology and its implication for wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Witte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wound Rep Regen."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00115-7","article-title":"Enzymatic function of nitric oxide synthases","volume":"43","author":"Andrew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114298","article-title":"Exogenous L-arginine ameliorates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and renal damage in rats","volume":"52","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360001","article-title":"Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond","volume":"336","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0143","article-title":"Arginine, arginine analogs and nitric oxide production in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Baylis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00080.2010","article-title":"Glutamine: precursor or nitrogen donor for citrulline synthesis?","volume":"299","author":"Marini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-005-0235-4","article-title":"Almost all about citrulline in mammals","volume":"29","author":"Curis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B124","first-page":"275","article-title":"Was citrulline first a laxative substance? The truth about modern citrulline and its isolation","volume":"57","author":"Fragkos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00399.2012","article-title":"De novo synthesis is the main source of ornithine for citrulline production in neonatal pigs","volume":"303","author":"Marini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2743S","article-title":"Enzymes of arginine metabolism","volume":"134","author":"Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13026.x","article-title":"Metabolism of methylarginines by human vasculature; implications for the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis","volume":"112","author":"MacAllister","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20806","article-title":"Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant","volume":"115","author":"Ward","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170808120633","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of agmatine in neurological diseases","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081706","article-title":"Anti-atherosclerotic action of agmatine in ApoE-knockout Mice","volume":"18","author":"Wi\u015bniewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00670-0","article-title":"Role of putrescine in cell proliferation in a colon carcinoma cell line","volume":"17","author":"Farriol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.01.001","article-title":"Macrophage metabolism of apoptotic cell-derived arginine promotes continual efferocytosis and resolution of injury","volume":"31","author":"Yurdagul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13985.x","article-title":"Regional and cardiac haemodynamic effects of NG, NG,dimethyl-L-arginine and their reversibility by vasodilators in conscious rats","volume":"110","author":"Gardiner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000052990.68216.EF","article-title":"Regulation of cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthesis by asymmetric dimethylarginine: role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase","volume":"92","author":"Ueda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(94)00213-Z","article-title":"Structural specificity of substrate for S-adenosylmethionine:protein arginine N-methyltransferases","volume":"5","author":"Rawal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22256","article-title":"Chemical and biological methods to detect post-translational modifications of arginine","volume":"101","author":"Slade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biopolymers."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1191\/135886399674294736","article-title":"L-arginine and nitric oxide-related compounds in plasma: comparison of normal and arginine-free diets in a 24-h crossover study","volume":"4","author":"Tangphao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","article-title":"Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x02vm434ra","article-title":"L-arginine in cardiovascular disease: dream or reality?","volume":"7","author":"Tousoulis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vasc Med."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01229-9","article-title":"Roles of eNOS in atherosclerosis treatment","volume":"68","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Res."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05582-H","article-title":"Supplementation of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits with L-arginine reduces the vascular release of superoxide anions and restores NO production","volume":"117","author":"Boger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506595102","article-title":"l-Citrulline and l-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesterol-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits","volume":"102","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00145-2","article-title":"Dietary L-arginine and alpha-tocopherol reduce vascular oxidative stress and preserve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits via different mechanisms","volume":"141","author":"Boger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118632","article-title":"Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults","volume":"97","author":"Clarkson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.261388","article-title":"Aging and atherosclerosis","volume":"111","author":"Wang Julie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02252-4","article-title":"Effect of local delivery of L-arginine on in-stent restenosis in humans","volume":"89","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115987","article-title":"L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans","volume":"90","author":"Creager","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.18.2160","article-title":"Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management","volume":"101","author":"Blum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.9.2134","article-title":"Arginine intake and risk of coronary heart disease mortality in elderly men","volume":"20","author":"Oomen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2123","article-title":"Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans","volume":"97","author":"Lerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(96)06044-3","article-title":"Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilatation and reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in young men with coronary artery disease","volume":"129","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00323-4","article-title":"Does acute improvement of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease improve myocardial ischemia? A double-blind comparison of parenteral D- and L-arginine","volume":"32","author":"Quyyumi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid555.x","article-title":"Oral L-arginine does not improve endothelial dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure","volume":"62","author":"Bennett-Richards","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2031-0","article-title":"Effects of chronic oral l-arginine administration on the l-arginine\/NO pathway in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease or coronary artery disease: l-Arginine prevents renal loss of nitrite, the major NO reservoir","volume":"47","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000105764.22626.B1","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition with asymmetrical dimethylarginine in humans","volume":"109","author":"Kielstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C248","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.1.C248","article-title":"IL-4 and IL-13 upregulate arginase I expression by cAMP and JAK\/STAT6 pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"279","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1124\/\/pharmrev1","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate","volume":"53","author":"Persky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000040860.71626.9D","article-title":"Adverse effects of supplemental L-arginine in atherosclerosis: consequences of methylation stress in a complex catabolism?","volume":"23","author":"Loscalzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.22.2113","article-title":"Impairment of endothelial functions by acute hyperhomocysteinemia and reversal by antioxidant vitamins","volume":"281","author":"Nappo","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.11.1088","article-title":"High-affinity arginine transport of bovine aortic endothelial cells is impaired by lysophosphatidylcholine","volume":"83","author":"Kikuta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.119.7","article-title":"[The arginine paradox]","volume":"119","author":"Nakaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3160247","article-title":"Inhibition of mammalian nitric oxide synthases by agmatine, an endogenous polyamine formed by decarboxylation of arginine","volume":"316","author":"Galea","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203719666181026170049","article-title":"Novel biosynthesis, metabolism and physiological functions of L-homoarginine","volume":"20","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22099-x","article-title":"Homoarginine and inhibition of human arginase activity: kinetic characterization and biological relevance","volume":"8","author":"Tommasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew249","article-title":"Gluconeogenesis, non-essential amino acid synthesis and substrate partitioning in chicken embryos during later development","volume":"96","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-08-0240","article-title":"Serum L-homoarginine concentration is elevated during normal pregnancy and is related to flow-mediated vasodilatation","volume":"72","author":"Valtonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ J."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2011.109","article-title":"Asymmetric dimethylarginine, arginine and homoarginine at 11-13 weeks' gestation and preeclampsia: a case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Khalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-1-134","article-title":"Stimulus-secretion coupling of arginine-induced insulin release. Uptake of metabolized and nonmetabolized cationic amino acids by pancreatic islets","volume":"124","author":"Blachier","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.076711","article-title":"Asymmetrical dimethylarginine independently predicts total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with angiographic coronary artery disease (the ludwigshafen risk and cardiovascular health study)","volume":"53","author":"Meinitzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.908988","article-title":"Homoarginine, cardiovascular risk, and mortality","volume":"122","author":"Marz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01274-6","article-title":"The biomarker and causal roles of homoarginine in the development of cardiometabolic diseases: an observational and mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"7","author":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1993-2","article-title":"Homoarginine in the renal and cardiovascular systems","volume":"47","author":"Pilz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32607-8","article-title":"Homoarginine\/ADMA ratio and homoarginine\/SDMA ratio as independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in lower extremity arterial disease","volume":"8","author":"Jud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1160\/TH15-10-0831","article-title":"L-homoarginine administration reduces neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotids","volume":"116","author":"Dellera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.312218","article-title":"Is homoarginine a protective cardiovascular risk factor?","volume":"39","author":"Karetnikova Ekaterina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.1.101","article-title":"Physiological actions of taurine","volume":"72","author":"Huxtable","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H121","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1991.261.1.H121","article-title":"Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle induced by dietary taurine deficiency in cats","volume":"261","author":"Novotny","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1968.48.2.424","article-title":"Biochemistry and physiology of taurine and taurine derivatives","volume":"48","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000247469.26414.55","article-title":"Is taurine a functional nutrient?","volume":"9","author":"Bouckenooghe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1159\/000335846","article-title":"Regulation of taurine transport systems by protein kinase CK2 in mammalian cells","volume":"28","author":"Lambert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.8.1887","article-title":"Enzymes of the taurine biosynthetic pathway are expressed in rat mammary gland","volume":"137","author":"Ueki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.01.070181.002153","article-title":"Taurine in metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Hayes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.198879","article-title":"Adrenergic stimulation of taurine transport by the heart","volume":"198","author":"Huxtable","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(97)80234-8","article-title":"Taurine and human nutrition","volume":"16","author":"Stapleton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.4.657","article-title":"Taurine concentrations in serum of critically injured patients and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects","volume":"52","author":"Paauw","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1545-6","article-title":"Taurine chloramine produced from taurine under inflammation provides anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0962-7","article-title":"Mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of taurine: prevention of mitochondrial oxidant production","volume":"42","author":"Jong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107409","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107409","article-title":"Tissue depletion of taurine accelerates skeletal muscle senescence and leads to early death in mice","volume":"9","author":"Ito","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-33504-9_12","article-title":"Taurine-induced changes in transcription profiling of metabolism-related genes in human hepatoma cells HepG2","volume":"583","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1113","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00485.2001","article-title":"Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia","volume":"282","author":"Schaffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042017","article-title":"Taurine provides neuroprotection against retinal ganglion cell degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Froger","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.04.055","article-title":"Elimination of cardiac arrhythmias using oral taurine with l-arginine with case histories: hypothesis for nitric oxide stabilization of the sinus node","volume":"67","author":"Eby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)90599-2","article-title":"The effects of taurine on atherosclerosis development in cholesterol-fed rabbits","volume":"180","author":"Petty","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38617-X","article-title":"Taurine increases bile acid pool size and reduces bile saturation index in the hamster","volume":"28","author":"Bellentani","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0291-4","article-title":"The effect of taurine depletion on the contractile properties and fatigue in fast-twitch skeletal muscle of the mouse","volume":"31","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04345.x","article-title":"Taurine attenuates hypertension and renal dysfunction induced by cyclosporine A in rats","volume":"33","author":"Hagar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199406000-00005","article-title":"Taurine amplifies renal kallikrein and prevents salt-induced hypertension in Dahl rats","volume":"12","author":"Ideishi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06624","article-title":"Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"67","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2201-6","article-title":"Homotaurine in Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.9.1705","article-title":"Dietary taurine enhances cholesterol degradation and reduces serum and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet","volume":"129","author":"Yokogoshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00764-X","article-title":"Taurine suppresses development of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits","volume":"163","author":"Murakami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0247-6","article-title":"Prevention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemia- and atherosclerosis-prone Japanese (LAP) quail by taurine supplementation","volume":"38","author":"Murakami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03828.x","article-title":"Effects of taurine on serum cholesterol levels and development of atherosclerosis in spontaneously hyperlipidaemic mice","volume":"30","author":"Matsushima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-17-S1-S21","article-title":"Low cardiovascular risks in the middle aged males and females excreting greater 24-hour urinary taurine and magnesium in 41 WHO-CARDIAC study populations in the world","volume":"17","author":"Yamori","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8023-5_29","article-title":"Relationship between taurine intake and cardiometabolic risk markers in Korean elderly","volume":"1155","author":"Jun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000046447.72402.47","article-title":"Taurine and vitamin C modify monocyte and endothelial dysfunction in young smokers","volume":"107","author":"Fennessy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944717711138","article-title":"Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Ahmadian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.86","article-title":"Taurine and magnesium supplementation enhances the function of endothelial progenitor cells through antioxidation in healthy men and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"39","author":"Katakawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000097893","article-title":"Taurine attenuates acute hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, leucocyte-endothelial cell interactions and cardiac dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Casey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vasc Res."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199611000-00006","article-title":"The beneficial effect of taurine on the prevention of human endothelial cell death","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0059-z","article-title":"Beneficial effects of taurine on serum lipids in overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amino Acids."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00037-4","article-title":"Inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by taurine and taurine analogues","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1997.273.1.C214","article-title":"Swelling-activated efflux of taurine and other organic osmolytes in endothelial cells","volume":"273","author":"Manolopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180313105949","article-title":"Homocysteine and hyperhomocysteinaemia","volume":"26","author":"Zaric","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.08.026","article-title":"Homocysteine is a marker for metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Sreckovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303654","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/303654","article-title":"Plasma total cysteine and cardiovascular risk burden: action and interaction","volume":"2012","author":"De Chiara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci World J."},{"key":"B217","first-page":"111","article-title":"Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"McCully","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(94)05516-L","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of methionine-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits","volume":"115","author":"Toborek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300133","article-title":"Methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia impairs the antioxidant ability of high-density lipoproteins without reducing in vivo macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport","volume":"57","author":"Julve","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2015.11.010","article-title":"High-methionine diets accelerate atherosclerosis by HHcy-mediated FABP4 gene demethylation pathway via DNMT1 in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"589","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12962","article-title":"Sulfur amino acids and atherosclerosis: a role for excess dietary methionine","volume":"1363","author":"Selhub","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-009-0100-9","article-title":"A weak link in metabolism: the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis","volume":"34","author":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Hevia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biosci."},{"key":"B223","volume-title":"Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations","author":"Devlin","year":"2006"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(89)90055-2","article-title":"Characterization of elastin protein and mRNA from salmonid fish (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","volume":"93","author":"Chow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B."},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-001-0648-4","article-title":"Mutations in human glycine N-methyltransferase give insights into its role in methionine metabolism","volume":"110","author":"Luka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Genet."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22159","article-title":"Loss of the glycine N-methyltransferase gene leads to steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice","volume":"47","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Chantar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2251","article-title":"Metabolomics in prediabetes and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29465","article-title":"Altered amino acid concentrations in NAFLD: impact of obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"67","author":"Gaggini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716701","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1716701","article-title":"Multifarious beneficial effect of nonessential amino acid, glycine: a review","volume":"2017","author":"Razak","year":"2017"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.12.2647","article-title":"Glycine turnover and decarboxylation rate quantified in healthy men and women using primed, constant infusions of [1,2-(13)C2]glycine and [(2)H3]leucine","volume":"137","author":"Lamers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.84.246","article-title":"Glycine cleavage system: reaction mechanism, physiological significance, and hyperglycinemia","volume":"84","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199511000-00023","article-title":"Pathways of serine and glycine metabolism in primary culture of ovine fetal hepatocytes","volume":"38","author":"Thureen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1062","article-title":"Protective effect of glycine supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocyte of rats with alcohol-induced liver injury","volume":"22","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1021\/pr2005555","article-title":"Combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of serum reveals association of the complement system with obesity and identifies novel markers of body fat mass changes","volume":"10","author":"Oberbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteom Res."},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000196143.72985.9a","article-title":"Is glycine effective against elevated blood pressure?","volume":"9","author":"El Hafidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.19","article-title":"Methyl balance and transmethylation fluxes in humans","volume":"85","author":"Mudd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G856","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00503.2001","article-title":"Molecular evidence for a glycine-gated chloride channel in macrophages and leukocytes","volume":"283","author":"Froh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000543","article-title":"Emerging therapeutic potential of glycine in cardiometabolic diseases: dual benefits in lipid and glucose metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Rom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1272","article-title":"A glycine-insulin autocrine feedback loop enhances insulin secretion from human \u03b2-cells and is impaired in type 2 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Yan-Do","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.034","article-title":"The APOA1bp-SREBF-NOTCH axis is associated with reduced atherosclerosis risk in morbidly obese patients","volume":"8","author":"Mayneris-Perxachs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130164","article-title":"Glycine restores glutathione and protects against oxidative stress in vascular tissue from sucrose-fed rats","volume":"126","author":"Ruiz-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.02.023","article-title":"Atherogenicity of amino acids in the lipid-laden macrophage model system in vitro and in atherosclerotic mice: a key role for triglyceride metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Rom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200303000-00013","article-title":"L-Glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.26.20110124","article-title":"Glycine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Res."},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.068320","article-title":"Glycine protects cardiomyocytes against lethal reoxygenation injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition","volume":"558","author":"Ruiz-Meana","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.11.008","article-title":"Glycine prevents pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy mediated by glycine receptor","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1387","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00159.2004","article-title":"Glycine intake decreases plasma free fatty acids, adipose cell size, and blood pressure in sucrose-fed rats","volume":"287","author":"El Hafidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002621","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002621","article-title":"Plasma glycine and risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1863","article-title":"Dimethylglycine deficiency and the development of diabetes","volume":"64","author":"Magnusson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6249-6","article-title":"Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism?","volume":"63","author":"Pajares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104810","article-title":"Compartmentalization of Mammalian folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism","volume":"30","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.07.007","article-title":"Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N,N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic","volume":"54","author":"Lever","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00188.2009","article-title":"Metabolomic study of the LDL receptor null mouse fed a high-fat diet reveals profound perturbations in choline metabolism that are shared with ApoE null mice","volume":"41","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Genom."},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00743.x","article-title":"Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations","volume":"59","author":"McGregor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314529351","article-title":"Elevated plasma dimethylglycine is a risk marker of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"22","author":"Svingen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.01.024","article-title":"Elevated dimethylglycine in blood of children with congenital heart defects and their mothers","volume":"62","author":"Alsayed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3030-4","article-title":"Plasma dimethylglycine, nicotine exposure and risk of low bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland health study","volume":"26","author":"\u00d8yen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111798","article-title":"Immune-inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis: the role of myeloid cells","volume":"8","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1668","article-title":"Regulation of immune responses by L-arginine metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Bronte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054841","article-title":"Targeting the shift from M1 to M2 macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice treated with fasudil","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B261","first-page":"775","article-title":"Dietary induced atherogenesis in swine. Morphology of the intima in prelesion stages","volume":"95","author":"Gerrity","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i4.345","article-title":"Atherosclerosis and the role of immune cells","volume":"3","author":"Ilhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90224-I","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages induces lipid accumulation and foam cell formation","volume":"98","author":"Funk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2008.08.022","article-title":"A combination of Lox-1 and Nox1 regulates TLR9-mediated foam cell formation","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393946","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/393946","article-title":"The expression and functions of toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis","volume":"2010","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.08.021","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis","volume":"413","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12392","article-title":"The dynamic lives of macrophage and dendritic cell subsets in atherosclerosis","volume":"1319","author":"Taghavie-Moghadam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e648","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000648","article-title":"Delineation of diverse macrophage activation programs in response to intracellular parasites and cytokines","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.113.204040","article-title":"Flagellin or lipopolysaccharide treatment modified macrophage populations after colorectal radiation of rats","volume":"346","author":"Lacav\u00e9-Lapalun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0656-7","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Groh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz127","article-title":"Immunometabolic function of cholesterol in cardiovascular disease and beyond","volume":"115","author":"Yvan-Charvet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz107","article-title":"Immunometabolism orchestrates training of innate immunity in atherosclerosis","volume":"115","author":"van Tuijl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00044","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of macrophages and dendritic cell subsets in the healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta","volume":"3","author":"Butcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.233775","article-title":"Human atherosclerotic plaque alternative macrophages display low cholesterol handling but high phagocytosis because of distinct activities of the PPAR\u03b3 and LXR\u03b1 pathways","volume":"108","author":"Chinetti-Gbaguidi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0008852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008852","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity in experimental atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Khallou-Laschet","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5482\/HAMO-14-10-0052","article-title":"The role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cardiovascular disease. An emerging field","volume":"35","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie."},{"key":"B278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.03.013","article-title":"GCN2 kinase in T cells mediates proliferative arrest and anergy induction in response to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"22","author":"Munn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz067","article-title":"The immunometabolic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: immune homeostatic mechanisms in the artery wall","volume":"115","author":"Ketelhuth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092243","article-title":"Inhibition of T cell response to native low-density lipoprotein reduces atherosclerosis","volume":"207","author":"Hermansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.06.006","article-title":"Subcutaneous immunization with heat shock protein-65 reduces atherosclerosis in Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"217","author":"Klingenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunobiology."},{"key":"B282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt033","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 signalling through the TRIF and TRAM adaptors in haematopoietic cells promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Lundberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00011-8","article-title":"Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: dominance of pro-inflammatory (Th1) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines","volume":"145","author":"Frosteg\u00e5rd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44819-7","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and ischemic heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv100","article-title":"Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes vascular inflammation and increases atherosclerosis in Apoe\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"106","author":"Polyzos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.256529","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect against atherosclerosis by tuning T-cell proliferation and activity","volume":"109","author":"Daissormont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.010","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing aortic plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect against atherosclerosis by induction of regulatory T cells","volume":"23","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890903321559","article-title":"Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-induced tryptophan degradation in advanced atherosclerotic plaques: tampere vascular study","volume":"42","author":"Niinisalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Med."},{"key":"B289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3959-3961.2002","article-title":"Cytokines induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human atheroma-associated cells: implications for persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection","volume":"70","author":"Sakash","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"B290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5246","article-title":"Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in vascular smooth muscle cells by interferon-gamma contributes to medial immunoprivilege","volume":"179","author":"Cuffy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.229443","article-title":"Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid induces rapid regression of atherosclerosis via modulating the phenotype of dendritic cells in LDL receptor-deficient mice","volume":"31","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00051","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10113","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711106105","article-title":"Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells preferentially form aggregates on dendritic cells in vitro and actively inhibit their maturation","volume":"105","author":"Onishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1343","article-title":"Natural regulatory T cells control the development of atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Ait-Oufella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1003","article-title":"Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Fallarino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"B296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.10.001","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and metabolic control of immune responses","volume":"34","author":"Munn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(86)80333-3","article-title":"Isolation of human liver arginase cDNA and demonstration of nonhomology between the two human arginase genes","volume":"141","author":"Dizikes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6473","article-title":"Chromosomal localization of the human arginase II gene and tissue distribution of its mRNA","volume":"233","author":"Gotoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(95)02138-8","article-title":"Comparative properties of arginases","volume":"114","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"B300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00291.x","article-title":"Arginase: an emerging key player in the mammalian immune system","volume":"158","author":"Munder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-199237","article-title":"The role of arginase in the microcirculation in cardiovascular disease","volume":"74","author":"Wernly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc."},{"key":"B302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00533","article-title":"Functions of arginase isoforms in macrophage inflammatory responses: impact on cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1106702","article-title":"Macrophage biology and immunology: man is not a mouse","volume":"81","author":"Schneemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"B304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2201023","article-title":"Analysis of nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine expression in human pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"166","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-010389","article-title":"Suppression of T-cell functions by human granulocyte arginase","volume":"108","author":"Munder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00278.x","article-title":"Recent advances in arginine metabolism: roles and regulation of the arginases","volume":"157","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000256470.23842.94","article-title":"Genomics of foam cells and nonfoamy macrophages from rabbits identifies arginase-I as a differential regulator of nitric oxide production","volume":"27","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.984146","article-title":"Reversal of hyperlipidemia with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"123","author":"Feig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016086108","article-title":"HDL promotes rapid atherosclerosis regression in mice and alters inflammatory properties of plaque monocyte-derived cells","volume":"108","author":"Feig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.241810","article-title":"LXR\u03b1 regulates macrophage arginase 1 through PU","volume":"109","author":"Pourcet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht329","article-title":"Arginase I enhances atherosclerotic plaque stabilization by inhibiting inflammation and promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000195791.83380.4c","article-title":"Identification of macrophage arginase I as a new candidate gene of atherosclerosis resistance","volume":"26","author":"Teupser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"B313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.1.3","article-title":"Endothelial arginase II and atherosclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Ryoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13848","article-title":"An experiment of nature: genetic L-arginine deficiency and NO insufficiency","volume":"108","author":"Loscalzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.103747","article-title":"Mitochondrial arginase II modulates nitric-oxide synthesis through nonfreely exchangeable L-arginine pools in human endothelial cells","volume":"318","author":"Topal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3897\/rrpharmacology.6.50942","article-title":"Role of Arginase 2 as a potential pharmacological target for the creation of new drugs to correct cardiovascular diseases","volume":"6","author":"Demchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Results Pharmacol."},{"key":"B317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00682","article-title":"Arginase-II deficiency extends lifespan in mice","volume":"8","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000992","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.000992","article-title":"Arginase II promotes macrophage inflammatory responses through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, contributing to insulin resistance and atherogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Ming","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143814","article-title":"Metformin and resveratrol inhibited high glucose-induced metabolic memory of endothelial senescence through sirt1\/p300\/p53\/p21 pathway","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14367","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14367","article-title":"Endothelin ETA receptor blockade restores NO-mediated endothelial function and inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"95","author":"Barton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06303.x","article-title":"Role of endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis","volume":"902","author":"Fan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.020","article-title":"Endothelin-1 increases expression and activity of arginase 2 via ETB receptors and is co-expressed with arginase 2 in human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"292","author":"Rafnsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-006-0041-8","article-title":"Endothelial arginase: a new target in atherosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep."},{"key":"B324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1882","article-title":"The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.5.061903.175930","article-title":"Genetics of atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Lusis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551758\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T12:48:03Z","timestamp":1617540483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551758\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":325,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551758","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"article-number":"551758"}}