{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:08:22Z","timestamp":1790665702727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T05:11:46Z","timestamp":1604639506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Identification of CD137-Expressing B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Which Secrete IL-6 Upon Engagement by CD137 Ligand"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hiu Yi","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankshita","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu Uin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Jia En","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90110-O","article-title":"A receptor induced by lymphocyte activation (ILA): a new member of the human nerve-growth-factor\/tumor-necrosis-factor receptor family","volume":"134","author":"Schwarz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.4.1043.bloodjournal8541043","article-title":"ILA, the human 4-1BB homologue, is inducible in lymphoid and other cell lineages","volume":"85","author":"Schwarz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5037","article-title":"Cutting edge: 4-1BB is a bona fide CD8 T cell survival signal","volume":"162","author":"Takahashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0510315","article-title":"CD137 ligand, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, regulates immune responses via reverse signal transduction","volume":"89","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.04.017","article-title":"Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Pathways in Autoimmunity","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1998.1396","article-title":"NK1.1 cells express 4-1BB (CDw137) costimulatory molecule and are required for tumor immunity elicited by anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies","volume":"190","author":"Melero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0082-0","article-title":"Natural Killer Cell Functional Activity After 4-1BB Costimulation","volume":"38","author":"Navabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2000012)30:12<3441::AID-IMMU3441>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"CD137 activation abrogates granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated anti-apoptosis in neutrophils","volume":"30","author":"Heinisch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4739com","article-title":"CD137 is expressed on blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation and enhances monocyte migratory activity","volume":"21","author":"Drenkard","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<290::AID-IMMU290>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"A soluble form of CD137 (ILA\/4-1BB), a member of the TNF receptor family, is released by activated lymphocytes and is detectable in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Michel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00323.x","article-title":"Heightened intrathecal release of soluble CD137 in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Sharief","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000768","article-title":"Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity","volume":"83","author":"Browne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120227","article-title":"Immunology of Relapse and Remission in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Steinman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.05.010","article-title":"Pathology and disease mechanisms in different stages of multiple sclerosis","volume":"333","author":"Lassmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1113367","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1113367","article-title":"CD137 and CD137L signals are main drivers of type 1, cell-mediated immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Dharmadhikari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10727","article-title":"Expression of CD137 and Its Ligand in Human Neurons, Astrocytes, and Microglia: Modulation by FGF-2","volume":"74","author":"Reali","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-173","article-title":"CD137 ligand activated microglia induces oligodendrocyte apoptosis via reactive oxygen species","volume":"9","author":"Yeo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2473-12.2012","article-title":"Development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis critically depends on CD137 ligand signaling","volume":"32","author":"Mart\u00ednez G\u00f3mez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00431.x","article-title":"Characterization and distribution of phagocytic macrophages in multiple sclerosis plaques","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901619","article-title":"CD137 promotes proliferation and survival of human B cells","volume":"184","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200839129","article-title":"Clonal dissection of the human memory B-cell repertoire following infection and vaccination","volume":"39","author":"Pinna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.158","article-title":"Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Lancaster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.11.010","article-title":"CD137 enhances monocyte-ICAM-1 interactions in an E-selectin-dependent manner under flow conditions","volume":"47","author":"Quek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064425","article-title":"CD137 is induced by the CD40 signal on chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells and transduces the survival signal via NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"8","author":"Nakaima","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11574","article-title":"CD137 and CD137 ligand constitutively coexpressed on human T and B leukemia cells signal proliferation and survival","volume":"108","author":"Palma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.1.35","article-title":"CD137 is expressed by follicular dendritic cells and costimulates B lymphocyte activation in germinal centers","volume":"72","author":"Pauly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1457","article-title":"Administration of agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody leads to the amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"168","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03730.x","article-title":"Decreased 4-1BB expression on CD4+CD25 high regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"154","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-015-9614-0","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and T Lymphocytes: An Entangled Story","volume":"10","author":"Legroux","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130699","article-title":"MHC class II-dependent B cell APC function is required for induction of CNS autoimmunity independent of myelin-specific antibodies","volume":"210","author":"Molnarfi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802218105","article-title":"IL-6 blockade inhibits the induction of myelin antigen-specific Th17 cells and Th1 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"105","author":"Serada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.009","article-title":"Seeking balance: Potentiation and inhibition of multiple sclerosis autoimmune responses by IL-6 and IL-10","volume":"73","author":"Ireland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr182","article-title":"Meningeal inflammation is widespread and linked to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Howell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25197","article-title":"Inflammatory intrathecal profiles and cortical damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Magliozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1744-4","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional characterization of T cells in white matter lesions of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"134","author":"van Nierop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571964\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T16:29:44Z","timestamp":1697041784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571964\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.571964","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"article-number":"571964"}}