{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:52:18Z","timestamp":1792637538226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>T cell-mediated immune tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness of T cells towards specific self or non-self antigens. This is particularly essential during prenatal\/neonatal period when T cells are exposed to dramatically changing environment and required to avoid rejection of maternal antigens, limit autoimmune responses, tolerate inert environmental and food antigens and antigens from non-harmful commensal microorganisms, promote maturation of mucosal barrier function, yet mount an appropriate response to pathogenic microorganisms. The cell-intrinsic and cell extrinsic mechanisms promote the generation of prenatal\/neonatal T cells with distinct features to meet the complex and dynamic need of tolerance during this period. Reduced exposure or impaired tolerance in early life may have significant impact on allergic or autoimmune diseases in adult life. The uniqueness of conventional and regulatory T cells in human umbilical cord blood (UCB) may also provide certain advantages in UCB transplantation for hematological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.576261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:20:35Z","timestamp":1605831635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["T cell Tolerance in Early Life"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2020.1709436","article-title":"The role of regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease management","volume":"13","author":"Whangbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.102.2651.400","article-title":"Immunogenetic Consequences of Vascular Anastomoses between Bovine Twins","volume":"102","author":"Owen","year":"1945","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1951.38","article-title":"The Use of Skin Grafting to Distinguish between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins in Cattle","volume":"5","author":"Anderson","year":"1951","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/172603a0","article-title":"Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells","volume":"172","author":"Billingham","year":"1953","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1948.19","article-title":"Genetics and Immunology","volume":"2","author":"Burnet","year":"1948","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1962.0048","article-title":"Effect of Neonatal Thymectomy on Immunological Responsiveness of Mouse","volume":"156","author":"Miller","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Ser B-Biol Sci"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.166.3906.753","article-title":"Thymus and reproduction: sex-linked dysgenesia of the gonad after neonatal thymectomy in mice","volume":"166","author":"Nishizuka","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12083","article-title":"Fetal regulatory T cells and peripheral immune tolerance in utero: implications for development and disease","volume":"69","author":"Burt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90568-x","article-title":"T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus","volume":"49","author":"Kappler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/333742a0","article-title":"Tolerance in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes","volume":"333","author":"Kisielow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.3.627","article-title":"Evidence that the T cell repertoire of normal rats contains cells with the potential to cause diabetes. 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