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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial DNAs are constantly detected in atherosclerotic plaques (APs), suggesting that a combination of chronic infection and inflammation may have roles in AP formation. A series of studies suggested that certain Gram-negative bacteria were able to interact with dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN; cluster of differentiation (CD) 209] or langerin (CD207), thereby resulting in deposition of CD209s at infection sites. We wondered if <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> (a member of Proteobacteria family) could interact with APs through CD209\/CD207. In this study, we first demonstrated that CD209\/CD207 were also receptors for <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> that mediated adherence and phagocytosis by macrophages. <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> interacted with fresh and CD209s\/CD207-expressing APs cut from human coronary arteries, rather than in healthy and smooth arteries. These interactions were inhibited by addition of a ligand-mimic oligosaccharide and the coverage of the ligand, as well as by anti-CD209 antibody. Finally, the hearts from an atherosclerotic mouse model contained higher numbers of <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> than that of control mice during infection-challenging. We therefore concluded that the <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic> interacts with APs in human coronary arteries <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> CD209s\/CD207. It may be possible to slow down the progress of atherosclerosis by blocking the interactions between CD209s\/CD207 and certain atherosclerosis-involved bacteria with ligand-mimic oligosaccharides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.579010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T20:35:52Z","timestamp":1610138152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Proteus mirabilis Targets Atherosclerosis Plaques in Human Coronary Arteries via DC-SIGN (CD209)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae 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