{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:57:28Z","timestamp":1793228248736,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AR057643-01A2, R01-CA191317-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AR057643-01A2, R01-CA191317-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by melanocyte destruction. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are greatly reduced in vitiligo skin, and replenishing peripheral skin Tregs can provide protection against depigmentation. Ganglioside D3 (GD3) is overexpressed by perilesional epidermal cells, including melanocytes, which prompted us to generate GD3-reactive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs to treat vitiligo. Mice received either untransduced Tregs or GD3-specific Tregs to test the hypothesis that antigen specificity contributes to reduced autoimmune reactivity<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. CAR Tregs displayed increased IL-10 secretion in response to antigen, provided superior control of cytotoxicity towards melanocytes, and supported a significant delay in depigmentation compared to untransduced Tregs and vehicle control recipients in a TCR transgenic mouse model of spontaneous vitiligo. The latter findings were associated with a greater abundance of Tregs and melanocytes in treated mice versus both control groups. Our data support the concept that antigen-specific Tregs can be prepared, used, and stored for long-term control of progressive depigmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T07:24:03Z","timestamp":1606807443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Antigen Specificity Enhances Disease Control by Tregs in Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhussipbek","family":"Mukhatayev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia R.","family":"Dellacecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormac","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Shivde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Jaishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Pontarolo-Maag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Eby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yekaterina O.","family":"Ostapchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kettil","family":"Cedercreutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpamys","family":"Issanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikhar","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Overbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Junghans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Caroline","family":"Le Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60763-7","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"386","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13677","article-title":"The convergence theory for vitiligo: A reappraisal","volume":"28","author":"Kundu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227909","article-title":"The relationship between stress and vitiligo: Evaluating perceived stress and electronic medical record data","volume":"15","author":"Henning","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.11.005","article-title":"Vitiligo: Patient stories, self-esteem, and the psychological burden of disease","volume":"4","author":"Grimes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J women\u2019s Dermatol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16049","article-title":"The prevalence of psychological comorbidity in people with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Osinubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12208","article-title":"Preferential secretion of inducible HSP70 by vitiligo melanocytes under stress","volume":"27","author":"Mosenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigm Cell melanoma Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09963-8","article-title":"Innate lymphocyte-induced CXCR3B-mediated melanocyte apoptosis is a potential initiator of T-cell autoreactivity in vitiligo","volume":"10","author":"Tulic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15550","article-title":"Heat shock protein 70 potentiates interferon alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells: relevance for cutaneous lupus and vitiligo pathogenesis","volume":"177","author":"Jacquemin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2004.00825.x","article-title":"Autoimmune aspects of depigmentation in vitiligo","volume":"9","author":"Le Poole","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14766","article-title":"Expression of Th17- and Treg-specific transcription factors in vitiligo patients","volume":"59","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2016.10.023","article-title":"Replenishing Regulatory T Cells to Halt Depigmentation in Vitiligo","volume":"18","author":"Le Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.11.1295","article-title":"Human cd25(+)cd4(+) t regulatory cells suppress naive and memory T cell proliferation and can be expanded in vitro without loss of function","volume":"193","author":"Levings","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102461","article-title":"The progress and prospect of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12105","article-title":"Decreased regulatory T-cells and CD4(+) \/CD8(+) ratio correlate with disease onset and progression in patients with generalized vitiligo","volume":"26","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pigm Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12862","article-title":"Altered expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, forkhead box P3, and immune-suppressive genes in regulatory T cells of generalized vitiligo patients","volume":"33","author":"Giri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pigm Cell melanoma Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.26","article-title":"CCL22 to Activate Treg Migration and Suppress Depigmentation in Vitiligo","volume":"135","author":"Eby","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00688.x","article-title":"Reduced skin homing by functional Treg in vitiligo","volume":"23","author":"Klarquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pigm Cell melanoma Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/145409","article-title":"Decreased Circulating T Regulatory Cells in Egyptian Patients with Nonsegmental Vitiligo: Correlation with Disease Activity","volume":"2015","author":"Hegab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0041-4","article-title":"Next-generation regulatory T cell therapy","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.540","article-title":"A quantitative increase in regulatory T cells controls development of vitiligo","volume":"134","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.02.003","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based autoimmune disease therapy","volume":"160","author":"Serra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Immunol (Orlando Fla)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19621-6","article-title":"Generation and Characterization of Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells For Clinical Transplant Tolerance","volume":"8","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.06.009","article-title":"Antigen-specific regulatory T cells: are police CARs the answer","volume":"187","author":"Dawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans Res J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301769","article-title":"Functional comparison of engineered T cells carrying a native TCR versus TCR-like antibody-based chimeric antigen receptors indicates affinity\/avidity thresholds","volume":"193","author":"Oren","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020515","article-title":"Finding the Keys to the CAR: Identifying Novel Target Antigens for T Cell Redirection Immunotherapies","volume":"21","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011726","article-title":"Human antigen-specific regulatory T cells generated by T cell receptor gene transfer","volume":"5","author":"Brusko","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.37","article-title":"Next-generation DNA re-sequencing identifies common variants of TYR and HLA-A that modulate the risk of generalized vitiligo via antigen presentation","volume":"132","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103271","article-title":"A coreceptor-independent transgenic human TCR mediates anti-tumor and anti-self immunity in mice","volume":"189","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md 1950)"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174ra28","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005127","article-title":"Mutant HSP70 reverses autoimmune depigmentation in vitiligo","volume":"5","author":"Mosenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Trans Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05539.x","article-title":"Expansion of vitiligo lesions is associated with reduced epidermal CDw60 expression and increased expression of HLA-DR in perilesional skin","volume":"149","author":"Le Poole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bp010068y","article-title":"Production and molecular characterization of clinical phase i anti-melanoma mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody R24","volume":"17","author":"Kemminer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biotechnol Prog"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.6.1776.1776","article-title":"CDw60 glycolipid antigens of human leukocytes: structural characterization and cellular distribution","volume":"82","author":"Kniep","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640204","article-title":"Biologic roles of gangliosides G(M3) and G(D3) in the attachment of human melanoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins","volume":"4","author":"Nakano","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.740547.x","article-title":"Down-regulation of GD3 ganglioside and its O-acetylated derivative by stable transfection with antisense vector against GD3-synthase gene expression in hamster melanoma cells: effects on cellular growth, melanogenesis, and dendricity","volume":"74","author":"Birkl\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/14728214.2020.1712358","article-title":"Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Karagaiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin emerging Drugs"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.06.186","article-title":"HSP70iQ435A-Encoding DNA Repigments Vitiligo Lesions in Sinclair Swine","volume":"138","author":"Henning","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.ccr-13-0088","article-title":"Accelerated tumor growth mediated by sublytic levels of antibody-induced complement activation is associated with activation of the PI3K\/AKT survival pathway","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-55","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 stimulation in human and murine cells reveals commonly affected biological processes and pathways at transcription level","volume":"8","author":"Abnaof","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1995.0054","article-title":"Characterization of recombinant soluble human transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (rhTGF-beta sRII)","volume":"7","author":"Tsang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252756299","article-title":"Binding of small molecules to an adaptive protein\u2013protein interface","volume":"100","author":"Arkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.10.003","article-title":"Interleukin-2: Biology, Design and Application","volume":"36","author":"Arenas-Ramirez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-10-0043","article-title":"Anti-GD3 chimeric sFv-CD28\/T-cell receptor zeta designer T cells for treatment of metastatic melanoma and other neuroectodermal tumors","volume":"16","author":"Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res an Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900108","article-title":"Targeting of T lymphocytes to melanoma cells through chimeric anti-GD3 immunoglobulin T-cell receptors","volume":"2","author":"Yun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neoplasia (New York NY)"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001248","article-title":"IL-2 enhances ex vivo\u2013expanded regulatory T-cell persistence after adoptive transfer","volume":"4","author":"Furlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622320916014","article-title":"The numbers of peripheral regulatory T cells are reduced in patients with psoriatic arthritis and are restored by low-dose interleukin-2","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv chronic Dis"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.45","article-title":"HSP70i Accelerates Depigmentation in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Vitiligo","volume":"128","author":"Denman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142717","article-title":"Castro CCSd. Vitiligo - Part 2 - classification, histopathology and treatment","volume":"89","author":"Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anais Brasileiros Dermatol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.25","article-title":"Altered E-Cadherin Levels and Distribution in Melanocytes Precede Clinical Manifestations of Vitiligo","volume":"135","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00051","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12284","article-title":"Immune responses in a mouse model of vitiligo with spontaneous epidermal de- and repigmentation","volume":"27","author":"Eby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigm Cell melanoma Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1168","article-title":"Expansion of human regulatory T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Putnam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315ra189","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad4134","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells","volume":"7","author":"Bluestone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0038","article-title":"Administration of CD4+CD25highCD127- regulatory T cells preserves \u03b2-cell function in type 1 diabetes in children","volume":"35","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12029","article-title":"Clinical application of regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.03.016","article-title":"Therapy of type 1 diabetes with CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127-regulatory T cells prolongs survival of pancreatic islets - results of one year follow-up","volume":"153","author":"Marek-Trzonkowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00920.x","article-title":"Functional defects of peripheral regulatory T lymphocytes in patients with progressive vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Ben Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pigm Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037513","article-title":"Global activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes correlates with an impairment in regulatory T cells in patients with generalized vitiligo","volume":"7","author":"Lili","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0232-6","article-title":"T(reg) cell-based therapies: challenges and perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Raffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2688","article-title":"T(reg) cells-the next frontier of cell therapy","volume":"362","author":"Bluestone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci17702","article-title":"Recipient-type specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells favor immune reconstitution and control graft-versus-host disease while maintaining graft-versus-leukemia","volume":"112","author":"Trenado","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-025460","article-title":"In vitro-expanded donor alloantigen-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells promote experimental transplantation tolerance","volume":"109","author":"Golshayan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83ra42","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002076","article-title":"Human regulatory T cells with alloantigen specificity are more potent inhibitors of alloimmune skin graft damage than polyclonal regulatory T cells","volume":"3","author":"Sagoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.01.073","article-title":"Donor-specific regulatory T cells generated on donor B cells are superior to CD4+CD25high cells in controlling alloimmune responses in humanized mice","volume":"45","author":"Noyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.043","article-title":"Repigmentation in vitiligo using the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib may require concomitant light exposure","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2019.10.011","article-title":"Cryopreservation timing is a critical process parameter in a thymic regulatory T-cell therapy manufacturing protocol","volume":"21","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126194","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor costimulation domains modulate human regulatory T cell function","volume":"4","author":"Boroughs","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000131485","article-title":"Autoimmune etiology of generalized vitiligo","volume":"10","author":"Le Poole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.4.991","article-title":"Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell development by transforming growth factor beta and reversal by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"166","author":"Ranges","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.6.1786","article-title":"Immunoregulatory activity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha: induction of TNF receptors on human T cells and TNF-alpha-mediated enhancement of T cell responses","volume":"138","author":"Scheurich","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci42945","article-title":"Pathogenic T cells have a paradoxical protective effect in murine autoimmune diabetes by boosting Tregs","volume":"120","author":"Grinberg-Bleyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003372","article-title":"Interplay between TNF and regulatory T cells in a TNF-driven murine model of arthritis","volume":"186","author":"Biton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.09.017","article-title":"TNF\u03b1: activator or inhibitor of regulatory T cells","volume":"79","author":"Biton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14016","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibition can stabilize disease in progressive vitiligo","volume":"173","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402346","article-title":"Target antigen density governs the efficacy of anti-CD20-CD28-CD3 \u03b6 chimeric antigen receptor-modified effector CD8+ T cells","volume":"194","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.06.008","article-title":"Tumor Antigen and Receptor Densities Regulate Efficacy of a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase","volume":"25","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"B77","first-page":"83","article-title":"Of CARs and TRUCKs: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma","volume-title":"Immunol Rev","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2014"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.200.Supp.176.17","article-title":"Development of citrullinated-vimentin-specific CAR for targeting Tregs to treat autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"200","author":"Raffin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25384-x","article-title":"Pathological conversion of regulatory T cells is associated with loss of allotolerance","volume":"8","author":"Hua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2016.82","article-title":"The challenges of solid tumor for designer CAR-T therapies: a 25-year perspective","volume":"24","author":"Junghans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00254","article-title":"Improving the safety of cell therapy products by suicide gene transfer","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-018-0034-1","article-title":"Inducible Caspase9-mediated suicide gene for MSC-based cancer gene therapy","volume":"26","author":"Rossignoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12476755","article-title":"Ganglioside GM3 inhibits the proliferation of cultured keratinocytes","volume":"100","author":"Paller","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01242.x","article-title":"Keratinocyte CDw60 expression is modulated by both a Th-1 type cytokine IFN-gamma and Th-2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13: relevance to psoriasis","volume":"116","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6927","article-title":"Successful expansion of functional and stable regulatory T cells for immunotherapy in liver transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Safinia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83ra41","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001809","article-title":"Massive ex vivo expansion of human natural regulatory T cells (T(regs)) with minimal loss of in vivo functional activity","volume":"3","author":"Hippen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000000511","article-title":"Restimulation After Cryopreservation and Thawing Preserves the Phenotype and Function of Expanded Baboon Regulatory T Cells","volume":"1","author":"Weiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplant Direct"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.02.006","article-title":"Generation, cryopreservation, function and in vivo persistence of ex vivo expanded cynomolgus monkey regulatory T cells","volume":"295","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.02.006","article-title":"Engrafting human regulatory T cells with a flexible modular chimeric antigen receptor technology","volume":"90","author":"Koristka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65212-9","article-title":"Preceding Viral Infections Do Not Imprint Long-Term Changes in Regulatory T Cell Function","volume":"10","author":"Rost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa264","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of CX3CR1 transduced-T regulatory cells improves homing to the atherosclerotic plaques and dampens atherosclerosis progression","author":"Bonacina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2012288018","article-title":"[Use of regulatory T cells in cellular therapies in autoimmune diseases]","volume":"28","author":"Boursier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci M\/S"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T09:40:46Z","timestamp":1697276446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"article-number":"581433"}}