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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food allergies are common, costly and potentially life-threatening disorders. They are driven by Th2, but inhibited by Th1 reactions. There is also evidence indicating that IL-2 agonist treatment inhibits allergic sensitization through expansion of regulatory T cells. Here, we tested the impact of an IL-2 agonist in a novel model for food allergy to hen\u00b4s egg in mice sensitized without artificial adjuvants. Prophylactic IL-2 agonist treatment expanded Treg populations and inhibited allergen-specific sensitization. However, IL-2 agonist treatment of already sensitized mice increased mast cell responses and allergic anaphylaxis upon allergen re-challenge. These effects depended on allergen-specific IgE and were mediated through IFN-\u03b3, as shown by IgE transfer and blockade of IFN-\u03b3 with monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that although shifting the allergic reaction toward a Treg\/Th1 response inhibits allergic sensitization, the prototypic Th1 cytokine IFN-\u03b3 promotes mast cell activation and allergen-induced anaphylaxis in individuals that are already IgE-sensitized. Hence, while a Th1 response can prevent the development of food allergy, IFN-\u03b3 has the ability to exacerbate already established food allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.596772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T14:00:49Z","timestamp":1607695249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["IL-2-Agonist-Induced IFN-\u03b3 Exacerbates Systemic Anaphylaxis in Food Allergen-Sensitized Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christopher W.M.","family":"Link","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher 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