{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1791345296960,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A dysregulated response to systemic inflammation is a common pathophysiological feature of most conditions encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent evidence indicates that a dysregulated inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of various ICU-related disorders associated with high mortality, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral and myocardial ischemia, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, persistent or non-resolving inflammation may lead to the syndrome of persistent critical illness, characterized by acquired immunosuppression, catabolism and poor long-term functional outcomes. Despite decades of research, management of many disorders in the ICU is mostly supportive, and current therapeutic strategies often do not take into account the heterogeneity of the patient population, underlying chronic conditions, nor the individual state of the immune response. Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators are recognized as key players in the generation and resolution of inflammation, and their signature provides specific information on patients\u2019 inflammatory status and immune response. Lipidomics is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to assess lipid metabolism and the interaction between metabolic changes and the immune system <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> profiling lipid mediators in clinical studies. Within the concept of precision medicine, understanding and characterizing the individual immune response may allow for better stratification of critically ill patients as well as identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of fatty acid-derived lipid mediators as endogenous regulators of the inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving response and future directions for use of clinical lipidomics to identify lipid mediators as diagnostic and prognostic markers in critical illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.599853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T08:30:14Z","timestamp":1606293014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lipid Mediators in Critically Ill Patients: A Step Towards Precision Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Cioccari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Luethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Masoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.010","article-title":"Homeostasis, inflammation, and disease susceptibility","volume":"160","author":"Kotas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","article-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"369","author":"Angus","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13479","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology","volume":"510","author":"Serhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3859","article-title":"Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100322","article-title":"Novel lipid mediators and resolution mechanisms in acute inflammation: to resolve or not","volume":"177","author":"Serhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.029","article-title":"Nonresolving inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Nathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2544CP","article-title":"Toward SmarterLumping and Smarter Splitting: Rethinking Strategies for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trial Design","volume":"194","author":"Prescott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002028","article-title":"Precision Medicine for Critical Illness and Injury","volume":"44","author":"Buchman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12368","article-title":"The beginning of personalized medicine in sepsis: small steps to a bright future","volume":"86","author":"Christaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4331-6","article-title":"Personalized medicine for ARDS: the 2035 research agenda","volume":"42","author":"Beitler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1653-x","article-title":"Heyland DK. 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