{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:35:58Z","timestamp":1790840158300,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of Ly49<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8 T-cells in the immune system is not clear. Previously, several papers suggested Ly49<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8 T-cells as immunosuppressors, while multiple studies also suggested their role as potent participants of the immune response. The mechanism of Ly49 expression on CD8 T-cells is also not clear. We investigated phenotype, functions, and regulation of Ly49 expression on murine CD8 T-cells in both normal state and during LCMV infection. CD8 T-cells express different Ly49 receptors compared with NK-cells. In intact mice, Ly49<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8 T-cells have a phenotype similar to resting central memory CD8 T-cells and do not show impaired proliferation and cytokine production. Conventional CD8 T-cells upregulate Ly49 receptors during TCR-induced stimulation, and IL-2, as well as IL-15, affect it. At the same time, Ly49<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8 T-cells change the Ly49 expression profile dramatically upon re-stimulation downregulating inhibitory and upregulating activating Ly49 receptors. We observed the expression of Ly49 receptors on the virus-specific CD8 T-cells during LCMV infection, especially marked in the early stages, and participation of Ly49<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8 T-cells in the anti-viral response. Thus, CD8 T-cells acquire Ly49 receptors during the T-cell activation and show dynamic regulation of Ly49 receptors during stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.602783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T04:28:42Z","timestamp":1609993722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Functional Characterization of Ly49+CD8 T-Cells in Both Normal Condition and During Anti-Viral 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