{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:36:59Z","timestamp":1775025419481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1162767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1162767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T04:23:15Z","timestamp":1606882995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Looking Beyond Th17 Cells: A Role for Tr1 Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"McGinty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Brittain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony J.","family":"Kenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0911-919a","article-title":"Interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis implicates peptide handling in the mechanism for HLA-B27 in disease susceptibility","volume":"43","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2667","article-title":"Identification of multiple risk variants for ankylosing spondylitis through high-density genotyping of immune-related loci","volume":"45","author":"Cortes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.133","article-title":"Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis-insights into pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3528","article-title":"Analysis of five chronic inflammatory diseases identifies 27 new associations and highlights disease-specific patterns at shared loci","volume":"48","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41252","article-title":"T-cell receptor immunosequencing reveals altered repertoire diversity and disease-associated clonal expansions in ankylosing spondylitis patients","volume":"72","author":"Hanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00680","article-title":"The Pivotal Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Regulation of Innate Immune Cells","volume":"10","author":"Okeke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function","volume":"30","author":"Josefowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2785","article-title":"FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system","volume":"10","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00233","article-title":"Engineered T Regulatory Type 1 Cells for Clinical Application","volume":"9","author":"Gregori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.001","article-title":"The Biology of T Regulatory Type 1 Cells and Their Therapeutic Application in Immune-Mediated Diseases","volume":"49","author":"Roncarolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.493","article-title":"High levels of interleukin 10 production in vivo are associated with tolerance in SCID patients transplanted with HLA mismatched hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"179","author":"Bacchetta","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28092","article-title":"Decreased number and impaired function of type 1 regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases","volume":"234","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00498","article-title":"Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis Show Diminished Levels and Defective Suppressive Function of Tr1 Regulatory Lymphocytes","volume":"103","author":"Vitales-Noyola","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113301108","article-title":"IFN-alpha and CD46 stimulation are associated with active lupus and skew natural T regulatory cell differentiation to type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells","volume":"108","author":"Le Buanec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005398","article-title":"Blimp-1-Dependent IL-10 Production by Tr1 Cells Regulates TNF-Mediated Tissue Pathology","volume":"12","author":"Montes de Oca","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.009","article-title":"Interleukin-23-Induced Transcription Factor Blimp-1 Promotes Pathogenicity of T Helper 17 Cells","volume":"44","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.08.003","article-title":"Deciphering the role of Th17 cells in human disease","volume":"32","author":"Wilke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4770","article-title":"IL-27 and IL-12 oppose pro-inflammatory IL-23 in CD4+ T cells by inducing Blimp1","volume":"5","author":"Heinemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.12.002","article-title":"IL-23 in inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer","volume":"45","author":"Neurath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01578","article-title":"Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00988","article-title":"The IL-12 Cytokine and Receptor Family in Graft-vs.-Host Disease","volume":"10","author":"Bastian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.984","article-title":"Intestinal IFN-gamma-producing type 1 regulatory T cells coexpress CCR5 and programmed cell death protein 1 and downregulate IL-10 in the inflamed guts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"142","author":"Alfen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.133","article-title":"Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis\u2013insights into pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24389","article-title":"Overexpression of interleukin-23, but not interleukin-17, as an immunologic signature of subclinical intestinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"60","author":"Ciccia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.194","article-title":"Psoriasis is characterized by accumulation of immunostimulatory and Th1\/Th17 cell-polarizing myeloid dendritic cells","volume":"129","author":"Zaba","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.05.021","article-title":"Proportion of CD4(+)CD49b(+)LAG-3(+) Type 1 Regulatory T Cells in the Blood of Psoriasis Patients Inversely Correlates with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index","volume":"138","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.5948","article-title":"IL-23 promotes maintenance but not commitment to the Th17 lineage","volume":"181","author":"Stritesky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-014-0281-x","article-title":"Elevated serum level of IL-27 and VEGF in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and associate with disease activity","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30159-5","article-title":"ERAP1 deficient mice have reduced Type 1 regulatory T cells and develop skeletal and intestinal features of Ankylosing Spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"Pepelyayeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39614","article-title":"A CD4+ T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis","volume":"389","author":"Groux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705599114","article-title":"Intestinal type 1 regulatory T cells migrate to periphery to suppress diabetogenic T cells and prevent diabetes development","volume":"114","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.08.001","article-title":"IL-27-induced modulation of autoimmunity and its therapeutic potential","volume":"14","author":"Meka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1133-8","article-title":"Generation of donor-specific Tr1 cells to be used after kidney transplantation and definition of the timing of their in vivo infusion in the presence of immunosuppression","volume":"15","author":"Mfarrej","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2010.025825","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of allogantigen-specific anergic T cells suitable for cell therapy","volume":"95","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00016","article-title":"Immunological Outcome in Haploidentical-HSC Transplanted Patients Treated with IL-10-Anergized Donor T Cells","volume":"5","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.07.116","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapy for patients with refractory Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"143","author":"Desreumaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608900\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T04:23:20Z","timestamp":1606883000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608900\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.608900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"article-number":"608900"}}