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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab to deplete CD20+ B cells is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and B cell malignancies, but is associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. Using mouse models we have investigated the consequences of B cell depletion on natural and acquired humoral immunity to<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. B cell depletion of na\u00efve C57Bl\/6 mice reduced natural IgM recognition of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, but did not increase susceptibility to<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>pneumonia. ELISA and flow cytometry assays demonstrated significantly reduced IgG and IgM recognition of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>in sera from mice treated with B cell depletion prior to<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>nasopharyngeal colonization compared to untreated mice. Colonization induced antibody responses to protein rather than capsular antigen, and when measured using a protein array B cell depletion prior to colonization reduced serum levels of IgG to several protein antigens. However, B cell depleted<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>colonized mice were still partially protected against both lung infection and septicemia when challenged with<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>after reconstitution of their B cells. These data indicate that although B cell depletion markedly impairs antibody recognition of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>in colonized mice, some protective immunity is maintained, perhaps mediated by cellular immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.611661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T06:10:01Z","timestamp":1611814201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Influence of B Cell Depletion Therapy on Naturally Acquired Immunity to Streptococcus 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