{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:46:14Z","timestamp":1790549174853,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) provide essential clues for the proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation of thymocytes. Recent advances in mouse and human have revealed that TECs constitute a highly heterogeneous cell population with distinct functional properties. Importantly, TECs are sensitive to thymic damages engendered by myeloablative conditioning regimen used for bone marrow transplantation. These detrimental effects on TECs delay<jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>T-cell production, which can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in many patients. Alike that TECs guide the development of thymocytes, reciprocally thymocytes control the differentiation and organization of TECs. These bidirectional interactions are referred to as thymic crosstalk. The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) member, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and its cognate ligand RANKL have emerged as key players of the crosstalk between TECs and thymocytes. RANKL, mainly provided by positively selected CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>thymocytes and a subset of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, controls mTEC proliferation\/differentiation and TEC regeneration. In this review, I discuss recent advances that have unraveled the high heterogeneity of TECs and the implication of the RANK-RANKL signaling axis in TEC differentiation and regeneration. Targeting this cell-signaling pathway opens novel therapeutic perspectives to recover TEC function and T-cell production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.623265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1611298142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["RANK Signaling in the Differentiation and Regeneration of Thymic Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Magali","family":"Irla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12040-5_6","article-title":"Thymic crosstalk: an overview of the complex cellular interactions that controls the establishment of T-cell tolerance","volume-title":"Chapter 6 Thymus Transcriptome and Cell Biology","author":"Irla","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00365","article-title":"Thymic Crosstalk Coordinates Medulla Organization and T-Cell Tolerance Induction","volume":"6","author":"Lopes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90246-1","article-title":"Crosstalk in the mouse thymus","volume":"15","author":"van Ewijk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.11822","article-title":"Interdependence of cortical thymic epithelial cell differentiation and T-lineage commitment","volume":"95","author":"Klug","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082502","article-title":"Thymic progenitor homing and lymphocyte homeostasis are linked via S1P-controlled expression of thymic P-selectin\/CCL25","volume":"206","author":"Gossens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4521","article-title":"Critical role for CXCR4 signaling in progenitor localization and T cell differentiation in the postnatal thymus","volume":"171","author":"Plotkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080134","article-title":"Delta-like 4 is indispensable in thymic environment specific for T cell development","volume":"205","author":"Hozumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080829","article-title":"Delta-like 4 is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment","volume":"205","author":"Koch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809559106","article-title":"Characterization of the thymic IL-7 niche in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Alves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12404","article-title":"Development and developmental potential of cortical thymic epithelial cells","volume":"271","author":"Ohigashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222244110","article-title":"Thymoproteasome subunit-\u0152\u22645T generates peptide-MHC complexes specialized for positive selection","volume":"110","author":"Xing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56221","article-title":"Ageing compromises mouse thymus function and remodels epithelial cell differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Baran-Gale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.151.4.925","article-title":"Thymic nurse cells. Lymphoepithelial cell complexes in murine thymuses: morphological and serological characterization","volume":"151","author":"Wekerle","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1213069109","article-title":"Thymic nurse cells provide microenvironment for secondary T cell receptor alpha rearrangement in cortical thymocytes","volume":"109","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/373350a0","article-title":"Developmental control point in induction of thymic cortex regulated by a subpopulation of prothymocytes","volume":"373","author":"Hollander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.130","article-title":"Checkpoints in the development of thymic cortical epithelial cells","volume":"182","author":"Shakib","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.8.1583","article-title":"Stepwise development of thymic microenvironments in vivo is regulated by thymocyte subsets","volume":"127","author":"van Ewijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.171645.113","article-title":"Population and single-cell genomics reveal the Aire dependency, relief from Polycomb silencing, and distribution of self-antigen expression in thymic epithelia","volume":"24","author":"Sansom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.013","article-title":"Fezf2 Orchestrates a Thymic Program of Self-Antigen Expression for Immune Tolerance","volume":"163","author":"Takaba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-004531","article-title":"Developmental kinetics, turnover, and stimulatory capacity of thymic epithelial cells","volume":"108","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737131","article-title":"Promiscuous gene expression and the developmental dynamics of medullary thymic epithelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Gabler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070795","article-title":"Proliferative arrest and rapid turnover of thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire","volume":"204","author":"Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.029","article-title":"Multilineage potential and self-renewal define an epithelial progenitor cell population in the adult thymus","volume":"8","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161864","article-title":"Essential role of CCL21 in establishment of central self-tolerance in T cells","volume":"214","author":"Kozai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092144","article-title":"Biphasic Aire expression in early embryos and in medullary thymic epithelial cells before end-stage terminal differentiation","volume":"207","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.08.038","article-title":"Lineage tracing and cell ablation identify a post-Aire-expressing thymic epithelial cell population","volume":"5","author":"Metzger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700203","article-title":"Revisiting the Road Map of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation","volume":"199","author":"Michel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0346-1","article-title":"Single-cell mapping of the thymic stroma identifies IL-25-producing tuft epithelial cells","volume":"559","author":"Bornstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0345-2","article-title":"Thymic tuft cells promote an IL-4-enriched medulla and shape thymocyte development","volume":"559","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019101828","article-title":"Biologically indeterminate yet ordered promiscuous gene expression in single medullary thymic epithelial cells","volume":"39","author":"Dhalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031677","article-title":"Medullary epithelial cells of the human thymus express a highly diverse selection of tissue-specific genes colocalized in chromosomal clusters","volume":"199","author":"Gotter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81894","article-title":"Estrogen-mediated downregulation of AIRE influences sexual dimorphism in autoimmune diseases","volume":"126","author":"Dragin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308311110","article-title":"Overlapping gene coexpression patterns in human medullary thymic epithelial cells generate self-antigen diversity","volume":"110","author":"Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3224","article-title":"A cell atlas of human thymic development defines T cell repertoire formation","volume":"367","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151780","article-title":"Identification of embryonic precursor cells that differentiate into thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator","volume":"213","author":"Akiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501226","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin-Mediated Homeostasis of Rank+ Thymic Epithelial Cells Does Not Limit Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Development","volume":"195","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.015","article-title":"The tumor necrosis factor family receptors RANK and CD40 cooperatively establish the thymic medullary microenvironment and self-tolerance","volume":"29","author":"Akiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062497","article-title":"RANK signals from CD4(+)3(-) inducer cells regulate development of Aire-expressing epithelial cells in the thymic medulla","volume":"204","author":"Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.016","article-title":"Rank signaling links the development of invariant gammadelta T cell progenitors and Aire(+) medullary epithelium","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.06.018","article-title":"The cytokine RANKL produced by positively selected thymocytes fosters medullary thymic epithelial cells that express autoimmune regulator","volume":"29","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.08.007","article-title":"Autoantigen-specific interactions with CD4+ thymocytes control mature medullary thymic epithelial cell cellularity","volume":"29","author":"Irla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303057","article-title":"An essential role for medullary thymic epithelial cells during the intrathymic development of invariant NKT cells","volume":"192","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052591","article-title":"Antigen recognition by autoreactive cd4(+) thymocytes drives homeostasis of the thymic medulla","volume":"7","author":"Irla","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13613","article-title":"Evidence for a role of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-converting enzyme-like protease in shedding of TRANCE, a TNF family member involved in osteoclastogenesis and dendritic cell survival","volume":"274","author":"Lum","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0104-1","article-title":"Soluble RANKL is physiologically dispensable but accelerates tumour metastasis to bone","volume":"1","author":"Asano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.11.002","article-title":"Control of central self-tolerance induction by autoreactive CD4+ thymocytes","volume":"31","author":"Irla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13456-z","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor-beta signaling in alphabeta thymocytes promotes negative selection","volume":"10","author":"McCarron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200204)32:4<1090::aid-immu1090>3.0.co;2-p","article-title":"Regulation of activation-induced receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression in T cells","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131889","article-title":"Enhancement of an anti-tumor immune response by transient blockade of central T cell tolerance","volume":"211","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108124","article-title":"OPG Production Matters Where It Happened","volume":"32","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545928","article-title":"A highly conserved NF-\u0152\u222bB-responsive enhancer is critical for thymic expression of Aire in mice","volume":"45","author":"Haljasorg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151069","article-title":"Identification of a novel cis-regulatory element essential for immune tolerance","volume":"212","author":"LaFlam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003533","article-title":"Lymphotoxin Signal Promotes Thymic Organogenesis by Eliciting RANK Expression in the Embryonic Thymic Stroma","volume":"193","author":"Mouri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01663","article-title":"Cultured Human Thymic-Derived Cells Display Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Phenotype and Functionality","volume":"9","author":"Villegas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00629","article-title":"The RANKL-RANK Axis: A Bone to Thymus Round Trip","volume":"10","author":"Sobacchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0095-y","article-title":"Roles of the RANKL-RANK axis in antitumour immunity - implications for therapy","volume":"15","author":"Ahern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.255","article-title":"Background to hematopoietic cell transplantation, including post transplant immune recovery","volume":"44","author":"Mackall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601100","article-title":"Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Time To T Up the Thymus","volume":"198","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200119","article-title":"Three-dimensional visualization of the mouse thymus organization in health and immunodeficiency","volume":"190","author":"Irla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-223198","article-title":"Short-term inhibition of p53 combined with keratinocyte growth factor improves thymic epithelial cell recovery and enhances T-cell reconstitution after murine bone marrow transplantation","volume":"115","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607176","article-title":"Administration of RANKL boosts thymic regeneration upon bone marrow transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900225","article-title":"Ablation and regeneration of tolerance-inducing medullary thymic epithelial cells after cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone treatment","volume":"183","author":"Fletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01745","article-title":"When the Damage Is Done: Injury and Repair in Thymus Function","volume":"11","author":"Kinsella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.04.008","article-title":"Emerging strategies to boost thymic function","volume":"10","author":"Hollander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546196","article-title":"FOXN1 recombinant protein enhances T-cell regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice","volume":"46","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2010.00559.x","article-title":"Declining expression of a single epithelial cell-autonomous gene accelerates age-related thymic involution","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-005-0751-z","article-title":"Upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression in the thymic subcapsular, paraseptal, perivascular, and medullary epithelial cells during thymus regeneration","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218004","article-title":"Interleukin-22 drives endogenous thymic regeneration in mice","volume":"336","author":"Dudakov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2008.40.1.59","article-title":"RANKL stimulates proliferation, adhesion and IL-7 expression of thymic epithelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01820.x","article-title":"Thymus and immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in humans: never say never again","volume":"79","author":"Toubert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00316","article-title":"The effect of age on thymic function","volume":"4","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00479-X","article-title":"Different cytokines induce surface lymphotoxin-alphabeta on IL-7 receptor-alpha cells that differentially engender lymph nodes and Peyer\u2019s patches","volume":"17","author":"Yoshida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-762658","article-title":"Loss of thymic innate lymphoid cells leads to impaired thymopoiesis in experimental graft-versus-host disease","volume":"130","author":"Dudakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602024103","article-title":"A multistep adhesion cascade for lymphoid progenitor cell homing to the thymus","volume":"103","author":"Scimone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12369","article-title":"LTbetaR controls thymic portal endothelial cells for haematopoietic progenitor cell homing and T-cell regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.623265\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T20:08:53Z","timestamp":1670875733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.623265\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.623265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.623265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"article-number":"623265"}}