{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:38:02Z","timestamp":1790743082985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/23124-4, 2017\/24832-6, 2012\/18095-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/23124-4, 2017\/24832-6, 2012\/18095-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The radiation-attenuated cercarial vaccine remains the gold standard for the induction of protective immunity against<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the protection can be passively transferred to na\u00efve recipient mice from multiply vaccinated donors, especially IFNgR KO mice. We have used such sera versus day 28 infection serum, to screen peptide arrays and identify likely epitopes that mediate the protection. The arrays encompassed 55 secreted or exposed proteins from the alimentary tract and tegument, the principal interfaces with the host bloodstream. The proteins were printed onto glass slides as overlapping 15mer peptides, reacted with primary and secondary antibodies, and reactive regions detected using an Agilent array scanner. Pep Slide Analyzer software provided a numerical value above background for each peptide from which an aggregate score could be derived for a putative epitope. The reactive regions of 26 proteins were mapped onto crystal structures using the CCP4 molecular graphics, to aid selection of peptides with the greatest accessibility and reactivity, prioritizing vaccine over infection serum. A further eight MEG proteins were mapped to regions conserved between family members. The result is a list of priority peptides from 44 proteins for further investigation in multiepitope vaccine constructs and as targets of monoclonal antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T05:57:39Z","timestamp":1614751059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Epitope Mapping of Exposed Tegument and Alimentary Tract Proteins Identifies Putative Antigenic Targets of the Attenuated Schistosome Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leonardo P.","family":"Farias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Vitoriano-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almiro Pires da Silva","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arporn","family":"Wangwiwatsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Xavier","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Castro-Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith S.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana C. C.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Alan","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006968","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the rSh28GST urinary schistosomiasis vaccine: A phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in Senegalese children","volume":"12","author":"Riveau","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.10.005","article-title":"Advancing the Development of a Human Schistosomiasis Vaccine","volume":"35","author":"Hotez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4701","article-title":"IL-12 enhances vaccine-induced immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in mice and decreases T helper 2 cytokine expression, IgE production, and tissue eosinophilia","volume":"154","author":"Wynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141","article-title":"In the absence of IL-12, the induction of Th1-mediated protective immunity by the attenuated schistosome vaccine is impaired, revealing an alternative pathway with Th2-type characteristics","volume":"28","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651147","article-title":"Sm-p80-based DNA vaccine provides baboons with levels of protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection comparable to those achieved by the irradiated cercarial vaccine","volume":"201","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005708","article-title":"The saga of schistosome migration and attrition","volume":"136","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1369-9","article-title":"Do schistosome vaccine trials in mice have an intrinsic flaw that generates spurious protection data","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60048-2","article-title":"The radiation-attenuated vaccine against schistosomes in animal models: paradigm for a human vaccine","volume":"39","author":"Coulson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00764.x","article-title":"Immunity induced by the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine","volume":"27","author":"Hewitson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1986.tb01038.x","article-title":"The role of pulmonary cellular reactions in the resistance of vaccinated mice to Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"8","author":"Crabtree","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-4758(97)01169-1","article-title":"Vaccination against Schistosomiasis: The case for Lung-stage Antigens","volume":"14","author":"Mountford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.7.2474","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni polypeptides immunogenic in mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae","volume":"139","author":"Dalton","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(83)90104-4","article-title":"Tegument surface membranes of adult Schistosoma mansoni: development of a method for their isolation","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90034-4","article-title":"Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis mansoni: quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to tegumental membrane antigens prepared from adult worms","volume":"81","author":"Roberts","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000058832","article-title":"Antibody responses of rodents to a tegument membrane preparation from adult Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"97","author":"Roberts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1030","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: molecular cloning and sequencing of the 200-kDa chemotherapeutic target antigen","volume":"80","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1237","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the acoelomate human parasite Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"35","author":"Verjovski-Almeida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.06.016","article-title":"The Schistosoma mansoni soluble proteome: a comparison across four life-cycle stages","volume":"138","author":"Curwen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050036w","article-title":"Mass spectrometric analysis of the Schistosoma mansoni tegumental sub-proteome","volume":"4","author":"van Balkom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500368","article-title":"The tegument surface membranes of the human blood parasite Schistosoma mansoni: a proteomic analysis after differential extraction","volume":"6","author":"Braschi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079245","article-title":"Protein synthesis and release by cultured schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"107","author":"Harrop","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.100099.109","article-title":"Protein variation in blood-dwelling schistosome worms generated by differential splicing of micro-exon gene transcripts","volume":"20","author":"DeMarco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.09.001","article-title":"Virulence factors of schistosomes","volume":"14","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.10.008","article-title":"Microarray analysis identifies genes preferentially expressed in the lung schistosomulum of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"36","author":"Dillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007743","article-title":"Transcriptome of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni during intra-mammalian development","volume":"14","author":"Wangwiwatsin","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1688","article-title":"Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans","volume":"10","author":"Querec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq156","article-title":"Early patterns of gene expression correlate with the humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in humans","volume":"203","author":"Bucasas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2067","article-title":"Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans","volume":"12","author":"Nakaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621489114","article-title":"Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS,S malaria vaccination in humans","volume":"114","author":"Kazmin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624191","article-title":"Systems biology analysis of the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine reveals a role for growth factors in protection and hemostasis inhibition in parasite survival","volume-title":"Front Immunol","author":"Farias","year":"2021"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.10.009","article-title":"Identification of two conserved B-cell epitopes in the gp90 of reticuloendothelial virus using peptide microarray","volume":"211","author":"Khairy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201700197","article-title":"Identification of a Tetanus Toxin Specific Epitope in Single Amino Acid Resolution","volume":"12","author":"Palermo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00068-17","article-title":"Identification of Protective B-Cell Epitopes within the Novel Malaria Vaccine Candidate Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen 1","volume":"24","author":"Nixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005330","article-title":"Identification of three immunodominant motifs with atypical isotype profile scattered over the Onchocerca volvulus proteome","volume":"11","author":"Lagatie","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229542","article-title":"Mapping the epitopes of Schistosoma japonicum esophageal gland proteins for incorporation into vaccine constructs","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1996.465550.x","article-title":"Impaired immunity and altered pulmonary responses in mice with a disrupted interferon-gamma receptor gene exposed to the irradiated Schistosoma mansoni vaccine","volume":"87","author":"Wilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-2478(98)00134-5","article-title":"Immune responses to the radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine: what can we learn from knock-out mice","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00306.x","article-title":"The profile of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses in mice exposed to Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"16","author":"Mountford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.05.002","article-title":"Insights into blood feeding by schistosomes from a proteomic analysis of worm vomitus","volume":"179","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002337","article-title":"The schistosome oesophageal gland: initiator of blood processing","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004272","article-title":"The Schistosome Esophagus Is a \u2018Hotspot\u2019 for Microexon and Lysosomal Hydrolase Gene Expression: Implications for Blood Processing","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00531","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomics of Enriched Esophageal and Gut Tissues from the Human Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni Pinpoints Secreted Proteins for Vaccine Development","volume":"19","author":"Neves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000339","article-title":"Proteomics at the schistosome-mammalian host interface: any prospects for diagnostics or vaccines","volume":"139","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004246","article-title":"Schistosome feeding and regurgitation","volume":"10","author":"Skelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315368900-12","article-title":"Alimentary tract of schistosomes","volume-title":"Schistosoma: Biology, Pathology and Control","author":"Li","year":"2016"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M500287-MCP200","article-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics. Proteins exposed at the adult schistosome surface revealed by biotinylation","volume":"5","author":"Braschi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Prot"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000993","article-title":"Enzymatic shaving of the tegument surface of live schistosomes for proteomic analysis: a rational approach to select vaccine candidates","volume":"5","author":"Castro-Borges","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.06.011","article-title":"Abundance of tegument surface proteins in the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni determined by QconCAT proteomics","volume":"74","author":"Castro-Borges","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001274","article-title":"Gene expression patterns in larval Schistosoma mansoni associated with infection of the mammalian host","volume":"5","author":"Parker-Manuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444911007281","article-title":"Presenting your structures: the CCP4mg molecular-graphics software","volume":"67","author":"McNicholas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(71)90324","article-title":"The interpretation of protein structures: estimation of static accessibility","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.05.011","article-title":"Immune effector mechanisms against schistosomiasis: looking for a chink in the parasite\u2019s armour","volume":"25","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.5.1655","article-title":"Comparison of Th1- and Th2-associated immune reactivities stimulated by single versus multiple vaccination of mice with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"146","author":"Caulada-Benedetti","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2644","article-title":"Passive transfer with serum and IgG antibodies of irradiated cercaria-induced resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in mice","volume":"136","author":"Mangold","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000056067","article-title":"Metabolic changes associated with the migration of the schistosomulum of Schistosoma mansoni in the mammal host","volume":"81","author":"Lawson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90127-5","article-title":"Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse: III. The failure of primary infections with cercariae of one sex to induce resistance to reinfection","volume":"73","author":"Bickle","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1975.11687009","article-title":"Failure to immunise mice against Schistosoma mansoni by therapeutic eradication of the adult worm burden","volume":"69","author":"Gold","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13141-5","article-title":"The human blood parasite Schistosoma mansoni expresses extracellular tegumental calpains that cleave the blood clotting protein fibronectin","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.02.006","article-title":"Characterization of phosphodiesterase-5 as a surface protein in the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"166","author":"Rofatto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120374","article-title":"High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Antibody V5 and U4 Conformational Epitopes on Human Papillomavirus 16","volume":"9","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175349","article-title":"Reverse epitope mapping of the E2 glycoprotein in antibody associated hepatitis C virus","volume":"12","author":"Naik","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evu287","article-title":"Accelerated evolution of schistosome genes coding for proteins located at the host-parasite interface","volume":"7","author":"Philippsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-864R.1","article-title":"No overt cellular inflammation around intravascular schistosomes in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Keating","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607128200","article-title":"A multienzyme network functions in intestinal protein digestion by a platyhelminth parasite","volume":"281","author":"Delcroix","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762006000900004","article-title":"Schistosome vaccines: a critical appraisal","volume":"101","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910993","article-title":"A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics","volume":"381","author":"Mulangu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1430","article-title":"Tetraspanins on the surface of Schistosoma mansoni are protective antigens against schistosomiasis","volume":"12","author":"Tran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000308","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni tegument protein Sm29 is able to induce a Th1-type of immune response and protection against parasite infection","volume":"2","author":"Cardoso","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.02.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of C-terminal part of the Schistosoma mansoni 200kDa tegumental protein in schistosomiasis diagnosis and vaccine formulation","volume":"139","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002750","article-title":"Sm10.3, a member of the micro-exon gene 4 (MEG-4) family, induces erythrocyte agglutination in vitro and partially protects vaccinated mice against Schistosoma mansoni infection","volume":"8","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1444-z","article-title":"A vaccine consisting of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B formulated in Montanide ISA 720 VG induces high level protection against murine schistosomiasis","volume":"16","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.10.007","article-title":"Saposin-like proteins are expressed in the gastrodermis of Schistosoma mansoni and are immunogenic in natural infections","volume":"12","author":"Don","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624613\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T09:22:59Z","timestamp":1697966579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624613\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.624613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"article-number":"624613"}}