{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:17:42Z","timestamp":1775827062868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["He 1602\/13-2, He 1602\/13-1, FOR 2497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["He 1602\/13-2, He 1602\/13-1, FOR 2497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a prototypic autoimmune disorder of the elderly, characterized by serum IgG autoantibodies, namely anti-BP180 and anti-BP230, directed against components of the basal membrane zone that lead to sub-epidermal loss of adhesion. Pruritus may be indicative of a pre-clinical stage of BP, since a subset of these patients shows serum IgG autoantibodies against BP230 and\/or BP180 while chronic pruritus is increasingly common in the elderly population and is associated with a variety of dermatoses. Clinical and experimental evidence further suggests that pruritus of the elderly may be linked to autoimmunity with loss of self-tolerance against cutaneous autoantigens. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine autoreactive T cell responses against BP180 in elderly patients in comparison to patients with BP. A total of 22 elderly patients with pruritic disorders, 34 patients with bullous or non-bullous BP and 34 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The level of anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 IgG serum autoantibodies, Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI), and pruritus severity were assessed for all patients and controls. For characterization of the autoreactive T cell response, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    with recombinant BP180 proteins (NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    - and COOH-terminal domains) and the frequencies of BP180-specific T cells producing interferon-\u03b3, interleukin (IL)-5 or IL-17 were subsequently determined by ELISpot assay. Patients with BP showed a mixed Th1\/Th2 response against BP180 while autoreactive Th1 cells were identified in a minor subset of elderly patients with pruritic disorders. Furthermore, our T cell characterization revealed that therapeutic application of topical clobetasol propionate ointment in BP patients significantly reduced peripheral blood BP180-specific T cells, along with clinically improved symptoms, strongly suggesting a systemic immunosuppressive effect of this treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.569287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T04:45:47Z","timestamp":1616647547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Autoreactive Peripheral Blood T Helper Cell Responses in Bullous Pemphigoid and Elderly Patients With Pruritic 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