{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:05:21Z","timestamp":1792749921495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients required by the human body. It is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone health. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close correlation between vitamin D and many common chronic diseases. Additionally, vitamin D has recently been shown to act as an immunomodulatory hormone, and, accordingly, vitamin D deficiency was uncovered as a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. It is therefore necessary to disclose the role and mechanism of action of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This knowledge will help design intervention and early treatment strategies for patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases who present with low levels of vitamin D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T18:32:03Z","timestamp":1613845923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D and Its Role in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanmin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Guo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9404-x","article-title":"Vitamin D: Musculoskeletal health","volume":"18","author":"Bhattoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201052","article-title":"Induced T regulatory cells suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis better than natural T regulatory cells","volume":"71","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.058","article-title":"Human gingival tissue-derived MSC suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion via CD39-adenosine signal pathway in autoimmune arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0264","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D status\u2014a changing landscape","volume":"55","author":"Herrmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.020","article-title":"Method evaluation study of a new generation of vitamin D assays","volume":"25","author":"Enko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1021","article-title":"Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R101","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0158","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: vitamin D as a potential contributor in endocrine health and disease","volume":"171","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200402121917","article-title":"Vitamin D levels correlate with metabolic syndrome criteria in algerian patients: the ex-vivo immunomodulatory effect of \u03b1, 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"20","author":"Bouchemal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2017.1327967","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Algerian Beh\u00e7et's disease patients: an immunomodulatory effect on NO pathway","volume":"39","author":"Djeraba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030789","article-title":"Pathophysiological role and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in autoimmunity: focus on chronic autoimmune diseases","volume":"12","author":"Bellan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00178","article-title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis via suppression of Th17 cells through miR-124 mediated inhibition of IL-6 signaling","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","article-title":"Hashimotos' thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy","volume":"33","author":"Ragusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_246","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D: a review","volume":"1108","author":"Skrobot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-016-9405-9","article-title":"Does vitamin D play a role in autoimmune endocrine disorders? A proof of concept","volume":"18","author":"Altieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","article-title":"Vitamin D for health: a global perspective","volume":"88","author":"Hossein-nezhad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7032044","article-title":"Can we translate vitamin D immunomodulating effect on innate and adaptive immunity to vaccine response","volume":"7","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00604","article-title":"Hall of Fame among pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-6 gene and its transcriptional regulation mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1143-6","article-title":"Bone loss and aggravated autoimmune arthritis in HLA-DR\u03b21-bearing humanized mice following oral challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"18","author":"Sandal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425995","article-title":"Vitamin D3 down-regulates monocyte TLR expression and triggers hyporesponsiveness to pathogen-associated molecular patterns","volume":"36","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1266-6","article-title":"Differential roles of TNF\u03b1-TNFR1 and TNF\u03b1-TNFR2 in the differentiation and function of CD4+Foxp3+ induced Treg cells in vitro and in vivo periphery in autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00784","article-title":"Role of TNF-TNF receptor 2 signal in regulatory T Cells and its therapeutic implications","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Pathologic finding of increased expression of interleukin-17 in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802948","article-title":"Accelerated pathological and clinical nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone New Zealand Mixed 2328 mice doubly deficient in TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2 via a Th17-associated pathway","volume":"182","author":"Jacob","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41134","article-title":"Involvement of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II in FoxP3 stability and as a marker of Treg cells specifically expanded by anti-tumor necrosis factor treatments in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Santinon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh368","article-title":"Transfer of regulatory T cells generated ex vivo modifies graft rejection through induction of tolerogenic CD4+CD25+ cells in the recipient","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"212","article-title":"Induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance by TGF-beta-induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201029","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific disruption of TGF-\u03b2 receptor II leads to altered regulatory T cell phenotype and spontaneous multiorgan autoimmunity","volume":"189","author":"Ramalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12669","article-title":"Cell-type-specific modulation of innate immune signalling by vitamin D in human mononuclear phagocytes","volume":"150","author":"Kundu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34513","article-title":"Antigen-specific transforming growth factor \u03b2-induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, ameliorate autoimmune arthritis in mice by shifting the Th17\/Treg cell balance from Th17 predominance to Treg cell predominance","volume":"64","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01662","article-title":"Apremilast ameliorates experimental arthritis via suppression of th1 and th17 cells and enhancement of cd4+foxp3+ regulatory t cells differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903418","article-title":"Role of SMAD and non-SMAD signals in the development of Th17 and regulatory T cells","volume":"184","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjs040","article-title":"Polyclonal CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells induce TGF\u03b2-dependent tolerogenic dendritic cells that suppress the murine lupus-like syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Lan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.04.018","article-title":"Vitamin D endocrinology on the cross-road between immunity and metabolism","volume":"453","author":"Vanherwegen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8591-3","article-title":"Vitamin D and thyroid autoimmune diseases: the known and the obscure","author":"Bizzaro","year":"","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.06.002","article-title":"Th17: an effector CD4 T cell lineage with regulatory T cell ties","volume":"24","author":"Weaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421463112","article-title":"Inflammation negatively regulates FOXP3 and regulatory T-cell function via DBC1","volume":"112","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.066","article-title":"Negligible effect of sodium chloride on the development and function of TGF-\u03b2-induced CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.12.011","article-title":"The function of BAFF on T helper cells in autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01504","article-title":"Human memory Th17 cell populations change into Anti-inflammatory cells with regulatory capacity upon exposure to active vitamin D","volume":"10","author":"Dankers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.06.005","article-title":"Natural and TGF-beta-induced Foxp3(+)CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells are not mirror images of each other","volume":"29","author":"Horwitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjt026","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional characteristic of a newly identified CD8+ Foxp3- CD103+ regulatory T cells","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501740","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-Induced regulatory T cells directly suppress B cell responses through a noncytotoxic mechanism","volume":"196","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0222313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222313","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in increasing circulating T regulatory cell numbers and modulating T regulatory cell phenotypes in patients with inflammatory disease or in healthy volunteers: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Fisher","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000452541","article-title":"Imbalance of Th17\/Treg in different subtypes of autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10405","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune regulation: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory","author":"Bishop","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01334","article-title":"In Vivo attenuation of antibody-mediated acute renal allograft rejection by ex vivo TGF-\u03b2-induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01765","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effect of B7-H4 pathway in a murine systemic lupus erythematosus model","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123038","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in levothyroxine-treated women with hashimoto's thyroiditis and normal vitamin D status","volume":"125","author":"Krysiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0856-1044","article-title":"Can supplementation with vitamin D modify thyroid autoantibodies (Anti-TPO Ab, Anti-Tg Ab) and thyroid profile (T3, T4, TSH) in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? a double blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Chahardoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091949","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in thyroid diseases","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0200","article-title":"Relative vitamin D insufficiency in Hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"21","author":"Tamer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1639","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001639","article-title":"Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with 3 types of autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"94","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.4158\/EP12376.OR","article-title":"The association between severity of vitamin D deficiency and Hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"19","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"222","article-title":"Is vitamin D related to pathogenesis and treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"18","author":"Mazokopakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hell J Nucl Med"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102350","article-title":"Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: an update on evidence and therapeutic implications","volume":"18","author":"Murdaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00004","article-title":"Correlation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis-related thyroid hormone levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"11","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ18-0166","article-title":"Vitamin D in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its relationship with thyroid function and inflammatory status","volume":"65","author":"Botelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine J"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0395-z","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplements on frequency of CD4(+) T-cell subsets in women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"73","author":"Nodehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_1048_16","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D deficiency treatment on thyroid function and autoimmunity markers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Vahabi Anaraki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631819","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/631819","article-title":"Association of high vitamin D status with low circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone independent of thyroid hormone levels in middle-aged and elderly males","volume":"2014","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.008","article-title":"Is vitamin D a player or not in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases?","volume":"14","author":"D'Aurizio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Rev"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15934.OR","article-title":"Hashimoto thyroiditis not associated with vitamin D deficiency","volume":"22","author":"Yasmeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000078438","article-title":"Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine profiles characterize patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Th1) and Graves' disease (Th2)","volume":"11","author":"Phenekos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9406-3","article-title":"Sunshine vitamin and thyroid","volume":"18","author":"Nettore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14191.OR","article-title":"Low vitamin D status is associated with increased thyrotropin-receptor antibody titer in Graves disease","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7700","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007700","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be an independent prognostic factor for Graves disease recurrence","volume":"96","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0547","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D serum level in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but not Graves' disease is relatively deficient","volume":"64","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine J"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55107-9","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the recurrence of Graves' disease","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574967\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T18:32:06Z","timestamp":1613845926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574967\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.574967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"article-number":"574967"}}