{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:40:13Z","timestamp":1792291213017,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Virus-specific CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> effector memory T-cells may be instrumental in this process due to their pro-inflammatory properties. We investigated the role of CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 (fractalkine receptor) in CMV-related lymphocyte kinetics and cardiac remodeling in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analysed lymphocyte count, troponin, and survival in 4874 STEMI\/pPCI patients, evaluated lymphocyte kinetics during reperfusion in a prospective cohort, and obtained sequential cardiac MRI (cMRI) to assess remodeling. Pre-reperfusion lymphopenia independently predicted mortality at 7.5 years. Prior to reperfusion, CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-lymphocytes appeared to be depleted. After reperfusion, T-lymphocytes expressing CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 were depleted predominantly in CMV-seropositive patients. During ischaemia\/reperfusion, a drop in CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-lymphocytes was significantly linked with microvascular obstruction in CMV+ patients, suggesting increased fractalkine-receptor interaction. At 12 weeks, CMV+ patients displayed adverse LV remodeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that lymphopenia occurs before and after reperfusion in STEMI by different mechanisms and predicts long-term outcome. In CMV+ patients, increased fractalkine induction and sequestration of CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-cells may contribute to adverse remodeling, suggesting a pro-inflammatory pathomechanism which presents a novel therapeutic target.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.605857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T04:36:14Z","timestamp":1620189374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Fractalkine Receptor CX3CR1 Links Lymphocyte Kinetics in CMV-Seropositive Patients and Acute Myocardial Infarction With Adverse Left Ventricular 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