{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:25:19Z","timestamp":1780669519886,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin-19 (IL-19) acts as a negative-feedback regulator to limit proinflammatory response of macrophages and microglia in autocrine\/paracrine manners in various inflammatory diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major neuroinflammatory disease in the central nervous system (CNS), but it remains uncertain how IL-19 contributes to MS pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that IL-19 deficiency aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, by promoting IL-17-producing helper T cell (Th17 cell) infiltration into the CNS. In addition, IL-19-deficient splenic macrophages expressed elevated levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, co-stimulatory molecules, and Th17 cell differentiation-associated cytokines such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-\u03b21, and TNF-\u03b1. These observations indicated that IL-19 plays a critical role in suppression of MS pathogenesis by inhibiting macrophage antigen presentation, Th17 cell expansion, and subsequent inflammatory responses. Furthermore, treatment with IL-19 significantly abrogated EAE. Our data suggest that IL-19 could provide significant therapeutic benefits in patients with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.615898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T23:54:12Z","timestamp":1615420452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interleukin-19 Abrogates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Attenuating Antigen-Presenting Cell 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