{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:08:31Z","timestamp":1792642111888,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infection produces a robust adaptive immune response. Time courses for 104 children followed for 42 days after initiation of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> chemotherapy were assayed for antibody levels to the five isotypes of human immunoglobulins (Ig) and 4 subclasses of IgG for 32 <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> antigens encompassing all 4 parasite stages of human infection. IgD and IgE against these antigens were undetectable at 1:100 serum concentration, but other Ig isotypes and IgG subclasses were consistently observed against all antigens. Five quantitative parameters were developed to directly compare Ig response among isotypes and antigens: C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, maximum antibody level; \u0394<jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>, difference between C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> and the antibody level at Day 0; t<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, time in days to reach C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>; t<jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>, Ig signal half-life in days; t<jats:sub>neg<\/jats:sub>, estimated number of days until complete loss of Ig signal. Classical Ig patterns for a bloodborne pathogen were seen with IgM showing early t<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> and IgG production highest among Ig isotypes. However, some unexpected trends were observed such as IgA showing a biphasic pattern for many antigens. Variability among these dynamics of Ig acquisition and loss was noted for different <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> antigens and able to be compared both quantitatively and statistically. This parametrization methodology allows direct comparison of Ig isotypes produced against various <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> antigens following malaria infection, and the same methodology could be applied to other longitudinal serologic studies from <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> or different pathogens. Specifically for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> seroepidemiological studies, reliable and quantitative estimates regarding the IgG dynamics in human populations can better optimize modeling efforts for serological outputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.617951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T06:15:16Z","timestamp":1614665716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Framework for Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Response in Children After Plasmodium falciparum Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Rogier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Nace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro 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