{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:54:42Z","timestamp":1776275682905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K24154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K24154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease with clinical phenotypic \u201cSicca symptoms\u201d. In some cases, the diagnosis of pSS is delayed by 6\u20137 years due to the inefficient differential diagnosis of pSS and non-SS \u201cSicca\u201d. This study aimed to investigate the difference between these two diseases, and in particular, their immunopathogenesis. Based on their gene expression profiles, we systematically defined for the first time the predicted disease-specific immune infiltration pattern of patients with pSS differentiated from normal donors and patients with non-SS \u201cSicca\u201d. We found that it was characterized by the aberrant abundance and interaction of tissue-infiltrated immune cells, such as a notable shift in the subpopulation of six immune cells and the perturbed abundance of nine subpopulations, such as CD4+ memory, CD8+ T-cells and gamma delta T-cells. In addition, we identified essential genes, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as the potential mechanisms linked to this predicted pattern reprogramming. Fourteen lncRNAs were identified as the potential regulators associated with the pSS-specific immune infiltration pattern in a synergistic manner, among which the <jats:italic>CTA-250D10.23<\/jats:italic> lncRNA was highly relevant to chemokine signaling pathways. In conclusion, aberrant predicted disease-specific immune infiltration patterns and relevant genes revealed the immunopathogenesis of pSS and provided some clues for the immunotherapy by targeting specific immune cells and genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.624614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T06:36:06Z","timestamp":1618382166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Predicted Disease-Specific Immune Infiltration Patterns Decode the Potential Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Primary Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Caiqi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yo","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.04.005","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: Clinical aspects","volume":"182","author":"Vivino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3821","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3821","article-title":"Primary Sjogren syndrome","volume":"344","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514","article-title":"Primary Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocular Surface"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1968.tb05177.x","article-title":"On knowledge of the keratoconjunctivitis sicca. 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