{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:13:04Z","timestamp":1789776784012,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited defect in phagocytic respiratory burst that results in severe and life-threatening infections in affected children. Single center studies from India have shown that proportion of autosomal recessive (AR) CGD is more than that reported from the West. Further, affected patients have high mortality rates due to late referrals and difficulties in accessing appropriate treatment. However, there is lack of multicentric collaborative data on CGD from India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe infection patterns, immunological, and molecular features of CGD from multiple centers in India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A detailed proforma that included clinical and laboratory details was prepared and sent to multiple centers in India that are involved in the care and management of patients with inborn errors of immunity. Twelve centers have provided data which were later pooled together and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 236 patients analyzed in our study, X-linked and AR-CGD was seen in 77 and 97, respectively. Male female ratio was 172:64. Median age at onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8 and 24 months, respectively. Common infections documented include pneumonia (71.6%), lymphadenitis (31.6%), skin and subcutaneous abscess (23.7%), blood-stream infection (13.6%), osteomyelitis (8.6%), liver abscess (7.2%), lung abscess (2.9%), meningoencephalitis (2.5%), splenic abscess (1.7%), and brain abscess (0.9%). Forty-four patients (18.6%) had evidence of mycobacterial infection. Results of molecular assay were available for 141 patients (59.7%)\u2014<jats:italic>CYBB<\/jats:italic> (44.7%) gene defect was most common, followed by <jats:italic>NCF1<\/jats:italic> (31.9%), <jats:italic>NCF2<\/jats:italic> (14.9%), and <jats:italic>CYBA<\/jats:italic> (8.5%). While <jats:italic>CYBA<\/jats:italic> variants were documented only in Southern and Western parts of India, a common dinucleotide deletion in <jats:italic>NCF2<\/jats:italic> (c.835_836delAC) was noted only in North Indian population. Of the 174 patients with available outcome data, 67 (38.5%) had expired. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was carried out in 23 patients, and 12 are doing well on follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In India, proportion of patients with AR-CGD is higher as compared to Western cohorts, though regional differences in types of AR-CGD exist. Clinical profile and mortality rates are similar in both X-linked and AR-CGD. However, this may be a reflection of the fact that milder forms of AR-CGD are probably being missed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T04:37:01Z","timestamp":1614227821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Profile of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Multi-Centric Study of 236 Patients From India"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Rawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandiarajan","family":"Vignesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murugan","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhubala","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra Kumar","family":"Shandilya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathish Kumar","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurjit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanchi","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratap Kumar","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka","family":"Khadwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biman","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana Walker","family":"Minz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Taur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Pandrowala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Gowri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manasi","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauri","family":"Hule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Bargir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Kambli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Madkaikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Bhattad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetan","family":"Ginigeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananthvikas","family":"Jayaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deenadayalan","family":"Munirathnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Sivasankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revathi","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya","family":"Uppuluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biju","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsha Prasada","family":"Lashkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shishir","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapas","family":"Sabui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koon Wing","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohsuke","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Nonoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Lung","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200005000-00003","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients","volume":"79","author":"Winkelstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldw009","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"118","author":"Roos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(72)91205-6","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"1","author":"Wallace","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00850.x","article-title":"The genetic basis of chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"138","author":"Roos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0119-2","article-title":"Hyperinflammation in chronic granulomatous disease and anti-inflammatory role of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase","volume":"30","author":"Sch\u00e4ppi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005234","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience","volume":"4","author":"Van den Berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)91172-6","article-title":"Nitroblue-tetrazolium test in children with fatal granulomatous disease and newborn infants","volume":"1","author":"Park","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196805022781801","article-title":"Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium test in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"278","author":"Baehner","year":"1968","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90198-5","article-title":"A fast and easy method to determine the production of reactive oxygen intermediates by human and murine phagocytes using dihydrorhodamine 123","volume":"131","author":"Emmend\u00f6rffer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963557","article-title":"Diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease and of its mode of inheritance by dihydrorhodamine 123 and flow microcytofluorometry","volume":"150","author":"Roesler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"45","article-title":"Comparison of two methods for the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease \u2013 neutrophil oxidative burst measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium slide test versus the dihydrorhodamine 123 flow cytometric assay","volume":"67","author":"Dimitrova","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Z J Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2014.11.003","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease: Review of a cohort of Egyptian patients","volume":"43","author":"Meshaal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0333-y","article-title":"Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Findings of Patients with p47phox Defect Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) in Indian Families","volume":"36","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01248","article-title":"Application of Flow Cytometry in Primary Immunodeficiencies: Experience From India","volume":"10","author":"Madkaikar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9963-5","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease: two decades of experience from a tertiary care centre in North West India","volume":"34","author":"Rawat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0382-x","article-title":"Infection Profile in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: a 23-Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in North India","volume":"37","author":"Rawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02111","article-title":"Flow Cytometry for Diagnosis of Primary Immune Deficiencies-A Tertiary Center Experience From North India","volume":"10","author":"Rawat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0567-y","article-title":"Approach to Molecular Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): An Experience from a Large Cohort of 90 Indian Patients","volume":"38","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00938-9","article-title":"Liver Abscess in Chronic Granulomatous Disease\u2014Two Decades of Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in North-West India","author":"Pilania","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001221","article-title":"Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Acinetobacter Spp. Paravertebral Soft Tissue Infection in a 4-Year-Old Boy With X-Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease","volume":"35","author":"Vignesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.11.041","article-title":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Children with Chronic Granulomatous Disease-Single-Center Experience from North India","volume":"28","author":"Vignesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2010.07.012","article-title":"Hematologically important mutations: X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (third update)","volume":"45","author":"Roos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2010.01.009","article-title":"Hematologically important mutations: the autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease (second update)","volume":"44","author":"Roos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20820","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of chronic granulomatous disease in a series of 80 kindreds: identification of 31 novel mutations","volume":"29","author":"Kannengiesser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24573","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease: Clinical, functional, molecular, and genetic studies. The Israeli experience with 84 patients","volume":"92","author":"Wolach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B26","unstructured":""},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113251108","article-title":"Lupus-associated causal mutation in neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2) brings unique insights to the structure and function of NADPH oxidase","volume":"10","author":"Jacob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"ENST00000367536.1"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.3.1106","article-title":"Molecular analysis of 9 new families with chronic granulomatous disease caused by mutations in CYBA, the gene encoding p22(phox)","volume":"96","author":"Rae","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.01857.x","article-title":"Genetic studies of three Japanese patients with p22-phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease: detection of a possible common mutant CYBA allele in Japan and a genotype-phenotype correlation in these patients","volume":"108","author":"Yamada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0366-2","article-title":"Chronic Granulomatous Disease Due to Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor (NCF2) Gene Mutations in Three Unrelated Families","volume":"37","author":"Vignesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00923-2","article-title":"Primary Immunodeficiencies in India: Molecular Diagnosis and the Role of Next-Generation Sequencing","volume":"41","author":"Arunachalam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577229","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus with autoimmune neurological manifestations in a carrier of chronic granulomatous disease - a rare presentation","volume":"343","author":"Prabhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B34","article-title":"Hypergammaglobulinemia associated with severe, recurrent and chronic non-specific infection","volume":"88","author":"Janeway","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"B35","article-title":"A fatal granulomatosus of childhood: the clinical study of a new syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Berendes","year":"1957","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1277","article-title":"Deficiency of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"162","author":"Baehner","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/326088a0","article-title":"Absence of both cytochrome b-245 subunits from neutrophils in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"326","author":"Segal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819009067103","article-title":"Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood: clinical, pathological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic aspects of the disease","volume":"10","author":"Baehner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00661-0","article-title":"Myriad Faces of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: All in an Indian Family with Novel CYBB Defect","volume":"39","author":"Vignesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511149","article-title":"Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Perspective from a Developing Nation","volume":"15","author":"Loganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0486-y","article-title":"A Cohort of 169 Chronic Granulomatous Disease Patients Exposed to BCG Vaccination: a Retrospective Study from a Single Centre in Shanghai, China (2004-2017)","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1154","article-title":"Common severe infections in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"60","author":"Marciano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.039","article-title":"Clinical, functional, and genetic characterization of chronic granulomatous disease in 89 Turkish patients","volume":"132","author":"K\u00f6ker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03644.x","article-title":"Special article: chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comprehensive national patient-based registry","volume":"152","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9567-x","article-title":"Inheritance pattern and clinical aspects of 93 Iranian patients with chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"31","author":"Fattahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25674","article-title":"Clinical and Genotypic Spectrum of Chronic Granulomatous Disease in 71 Latin American Patients: First Report from the LASID Registry","volume":"62","author":"de Oliveira-Junior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00919-y","article-title":"Infection Due to Serratia sp. in Chronic Granulomatous Disease-Is the Incidence Low in Tropical Countries","volume":"41","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B48","article-title":"Endemic infections in Southeast Asia provide new insights to the phenotypic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency disorders","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B49","article-title":"Melioidosis in southern India: epidemiological and clinical profile","volume":"41","author":"Saravu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00750-5","article-title":"Genetic, Immunological, and Clinical Features of the First Mexican Cohort of Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease","volume":"40","author":"Blancas-Galicia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir896","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy for liver abscess in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"54","author":"Leiding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657308","article-title":"Complications of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 blockade in chronic granulomatous disease-related colitis","volume":"51","author":"Uzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.462","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"114","author":"Marciano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97116","article-title":"Inherited p40phox deficiency differs from classic chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"128","author":"van de Geer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06964-x","article-title":"A homozygous loss-of-function mutation leading to CYBC1 deficiency causes chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"9","author":"Arnadottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13033","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese pediatric patients with chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00680-x","article-title":"Clinical and Molecular Features of Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Mainland China and a XL-CGD Female Infant Patient After Prenatal Diagnosis","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08735.x","article-title":"Outcome of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation in 88 patients with primary immunodeficiency in Japan","volume":"154","author":"Morio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625320\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1614227831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625320\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"article-number":"625320"}}