{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T21:03:20Z","timestamp":1768079000592,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here we report three cases of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody\u2013associated disease (MOGAD) mimicking multiple sclerosis in which seropositivity for anti-MOG antibodies occurred during disease-modifying drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment. These patients developed relapses with anti-MOG antibody seroconversion after switching from fingolimod or steroid pulse therapy to DMF, which was associated with peripheral lymphocyte recovery. MOGAD is considered a humoral immune disease, and DMF reportedly enhances Th2-skewed humoral immune activity. Therefore, we suggest that DMF, but not fingolimod, may exacerbate humoral immune imbalance and enhance autoantibody production, leading to aggravation of MOGAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.625465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1613408524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report: Anti-MOG Antibody Seroconversion Accompanied by Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Keita","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Fukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Morihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.07.025","article-title":"MOG 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