{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:55:58Z","timestamp":1753890958529,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81902055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the first line of antiviral defense, type I interferon (IFN) binds IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 to activate the Jak-STAT signal transduction pathway, producing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) to control viral infection. The mechanisms by which human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) counteracts the IFN pathway are only partially defined. We show that miR-US33as-5p encoded by HCMV is expressed in both lytic and latent infection. By analysis with RNA hybrid and screening with luciferase reporter assays, we identified IFNAR1 as a target of hcmv-miR-US33as-5p, which was further verified by examining the expression of two IFNAR1 mutants and the binding of IFNAR1 to miR-US33as-5p\/miR-US33as-5p-M1\/miR-US33as-5p-M2. We found that after the transfection of miR-US33as-5p mimics into different cell lines, the phosphorylation of downstream proteins and ISG expression were downregulated. Immunofluorescence showed that the miR-US33as-5p mimics also inhibited STAT1 translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, we constructed HCMV with mutant miR-US33as-5p and determined that the mutation did not affect HCMV replication. We found that MRC-5\/human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells infected with \u0394miRNA HCMV exhibited higher IFNAR1 and ISG expression and a reduced viral load in the presence of exogenous IFN than cells infected with WT HCMV did, confirming that the knockout of miR-US33as-5p impaired viral resistance to IFN. Finally, we tested the effect of \u0394miRNA HCMV on THP-1 and d-THP-1 cells, common<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>models of latent infection and reactivation, respectively. Again, we found that cells infected with \u0394miRNA HCMV showed a reduced viral load in the presence of IFN than the control cells did, confirming that miR-US33as-5p also affects IFN resistance during both latency and reactivation. These results indicate a new microRNA (miRNA)-based immune evasion mechanism employed by HCMV to achieve lifelong infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T04:27:12Z","timestamp":1614918432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US33as-5p Targets IFNAR1 to Achieve Immune Evasion During Both Lytic and Latent Infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.655","article-title":"Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection","volume":"20","author":"Cannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77349-8_23","article-title":"Manifestations of human cytomegalovirus infection: proposed mechanisms of acute and chronic disease","volume":"325","author":"Britt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8304-8","article-title":"Diverse immune evasion strategies by human cytomegalovirus","volume":"54","author":"Noriega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Res."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"83","article-title":"MicroRNAs: processing, maturation, target recognition and regulatory functions","volume":"3","author":"Shukla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080372","article-title":"Vertebrate microRNA genes","volume":"299","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088531","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of human cytomegalovirus microRNA expression during lytic and quiescent infection","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05903-11","article-title":"High-resolution profiling and analysis of viral and host small RNAs during human cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"86","author":"Stark","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.070862-0","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in herpesvirus latency and persistence","volume":"96","author":"Grey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.03.003","article-title":"Diverse herpesvirus microRNAs target the stress-induced immune ligand MICB to escape recognition by natural killer cells","volume":"5","author":"Nachmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140956","article-title":"Host immune system gene targeting by a viral miRNA","volume":"317","author":"Stern-Ginossar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11663","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01147-12","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microRNAs target IRAK1 and MYD88, two components of the toll-like receptor\/interleukin-1R signaling cascade, to reduce inflammatory-cytokine expression","volume":"86","author":"Abend","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.004","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus miRNAs target secretory pathway genes to facilitate formation of the virion assembly compartment and reduce cytokine secretion","volume":"15","author":"Hook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002577","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus clinical strain-specific microRNA miR-UL148D targets the human chemokine RANTES during infection","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5126","article-title":"EBV microRNAs in primary lymphomas and targeting of CXCL-11 by ebv-mir-BHRF1-3","volume":"68","author":"Xia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/v9050118","article-title":"Manipulation of viral MicroRNAs as a potential antiviral strategy for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3047","article-title":"Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening","volume":"11","author":"Sanjana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247005","article-title":"Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells","volume":"343","author":"Shalem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.01.021","article-title":"Editing the human cytomegalovirus genome with the CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"529","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.10995-11006.2004","article-title":"Major human cytomegalovirus structural protein pp65 (ppUL83) prevents interferon response factor 3 activation in the interferon response","volume":"78","author":"Abate","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01774","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01774-17","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 (pUL83) dampens type I interferon production by inactivating the DNA sensor cGAS without affecting STING","volume":"92","author":"Biolatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1534570100","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus UL83-coded pp65 virion protein inhibits antiviral gene expression in infected cells","volume":"100","author":"Browne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.10.007","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pUL83 inhibits IFI16-mediated DNA sensing for immune evasion","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.01.001","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL82 inhibits STING-mediated signaling to evade antiviral immunity","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408994102","article-title":"Latency, chromatin remodeling, and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus in the dendritic cells of healthy carriers","volume":"102","author":"Reeves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.3.1597-1604.1994","article-title":"Induction of endogenous human cytomegalovirus gene expression after differentiation of monocytes from healthy carriers","volume":"68","author":"Taylor-Wiedeman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81891-0","article-title":"Latency and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus","volume":"87","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00149-5","article-title":"Models of HCMV latency and reactivation","volume":"11","author":"Streblow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.08.040","article-title":"In vivo expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) microRNAs during latency","volume":"575","author":"Meshesha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0634-z","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency: validation of a \u201cswitch\u201d model in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Arcangeletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01854","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus IE2 86 kDa protein induces STING degradation and inhibits cGAMP-mediated IFN-\u03b2 induction","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02624-8","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US9 targets MAVS and STING signaling to evade type I interferon immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.6107","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus inhibits IFN-alpha-stimulated antiviral and immunoregulatory responses by blocking multiple levels of IFN-alpha signal transduction","volume":"162","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5530","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5530","article-title":"Inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation by human CMV is mediated by SHP2","volume":"181","author":"Baron","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4965","article-title":"Differential initiation of innate immune responses induced by human cytomegalovirus entry into fibroblast cells","volume":"180","author":"Juckem","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000858","article-title":"Nuclear domain 10 components upregulated via interferon during human cytomegalovirus infection potently regulate viral infection","volume":"98","author":"Ashley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"87","article-title":"The human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 (pUL83): a key player in innate immune evasion","volume":"41","author":"Biolatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D68","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1181","article-title":"miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data","volume":"42","author":"Kozomara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.03.015","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus microRNAs","volume":"7","author":"Hook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1106939","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus encoded microRNAs: hitting targets","volume":"13","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007854","article-title":"HCMV miR-US22 down-regulation of EGR-1 regulates CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and viral reactivation","volume":"15","author":"Mikell","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31205","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33771","article-title":"The Expression of human cytomegalovirus MicroRNA MiR-UL148D during latent infection in primary myeloid cells inhibits activin A-triggered secretion of IL-6","volume":"6","author":"Lau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-019-00632-7","article-title":"An investigation of the utility of plasma Cytomegalovirus (CMV) microRNA detection to predict CMV DNAemia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"209","author":"Talaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006007","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus miR-UL148D facilitates latent viral infection by targeting host cell immediate early response gene 5","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1271","article-title":"Identification of immediate early gene X-1 as a cellular target gene of hcmv-mir-UL148D","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.06.025","article-title":"Modulation of the innate immune response by human cytomegalovirus","volume":"64","author":"Biolatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.07.001","article-title":"Teleost fish interferons and their role in immunity","volume":"35","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09907","article-title":"A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response","volume":"472","author":"Schoggins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2007.07.008","article-title":"A recombinant CHSE-214 cell line expressing an Mx1 promoter-reporter system responds to both interferon type I and type II from salmonids and represents a versatile tool to study the IFN-system in teleost fish","volume":"23","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00232-15","article-title":"Influenza A virus panhandle structure is directly involved in RIG-I activation and interferon induction","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MT00341B","article-title":"A unifying view of the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of RSAD2 (viperin) based on its radical-SAM chemistry","volume":"10","author":"Honarmand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metallomics."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1707487","article-title":"BST2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus nucleocapsid protein with selective autophagy","volume":"16","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3344","article-title":"The broad-spectrum antiviral functions of IFIT and IFITM proteins","volume":"13","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.5613","article-title":"Interferon induced IFIT family genes in host antiviral defense","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2144","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2144","article-title":"Why the elderly appear to be more severely affected by COVID-19: The potential role of immunosenescence and CMV","volume":"30","author":"Kadambari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03349-9","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor for herpesviridae reactivation: consider the potential influence of corticosteroid therapy","volume":"24","author":"Honore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03384-6","article-title":"Correlation of interleukin-6 with Epstein-Barr virus levels in COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Lehner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000261460.07110.f2","article-title":"Type I interferons in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: mechanisms of action and role of related receptors","volume":"246","author":"Vitale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.025","article-title":"Medium dose intermittent cyclophosphamide induces immunogenic cell death and cancer cell autonomous type I interferon production in glioma models","volume":"470","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006985","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006985","article-title":"Type I interferon signaling attenuates regulatory T cell function in viral infection and in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Gangaplara","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.01.004","article-title":"Inactivation of interferon receptor promotes the establishment of immune privileged tumor microenvironment","volume":"31","author":"Katlinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17011-z","article-title":"Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy","volume":"11","author":"Evgin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0635-8","article-title":"Type I interferon suppresses tumor growth through activating the STAT3-granzyme B pathway in tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104282","article-title":"Immunoselective algorithm to devise multi-epitope subunit vaccine fighting against human cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"82","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56448-1","article-title":"Detection and genotyping of CMV and HPV in tumors and fallopian tubes from epithelial ovarian cancer patients","volume":"9","author":"Paradowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.10.022","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus as an oncomodulatory agent in the progression of glioma","volume":"384","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02164-1","article-title":"Breast cancer and cytomegalovirus","volume":"22","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.01.007","article-title":"Uncovering the anticancer potential of murine cytomegalovirus against human colon cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Massara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther Oncolytics."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197648","article-title":"Utilization of herpesviridae as recombinant viral vectors in vaccine development against animal pathogens","volume":"270","author":"Kamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-018-0016-3","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing technology significantly accelerated herpes simplex virus research","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23007","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23007","article-title":"Circulating human cytomegalovirus-encoded HCMV-miR-US4-1 as an indicator for predicting the efficacy of IFN\u03b1 treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"6","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628364\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T12:03:19Z","timestamp":1697976199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628364\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-3224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"article-number":"628364"}}