{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:00:22Z","timestamp":1790226022851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease (AID) which can mimic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our exploratory study investigated serum biomarkers that may discriminate pSS from RA and SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum concentrations of 63 biomarkers involved in immune cell trafficking, inflammatory response, cellular movement, and cell-to-cell signaling were measured in AID patients, included prospectively into the study at the Montpellier University Hospital. A multivariate analysis by multiple logistic regression was performed, and discriminative power assessed using logistic regression adjusted on significant demographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 95 patients enrolled, 42 suffered from pSS, 28 from RA, and 25 from SLE. Statistical analysis showed that concentrations of BDNF (OR = 0.493 with 95% CI [0.273\u20130.891]; p = 0.0193) and I-TAC\/CXCL11 (OR = 1.344 with 95% CI [1.027\u20131.76]; p\u00a0= 0.0314) can significantly discriminate pSS from RA. Similarly, greater concentrations of sCD163 (OR = 0.803 with 95% CI [0.649\u20130.994]; p = 0.0436), Fractalkine\/CX3CL1 (OR\u00a0= 0.534 with 95% CI [0.287\u20130. 991]; p = 0.0466), MCP-1\/CCL2 (OR = 0.839 with 95% CI [0.732\u20130.962]; p = 0.0121), and TNFa (OR = 0.479 with 95% CI [0.247\u20130.928]; p\u00a0= 0.0292) were associated with SLE diagnosis compared to pSS. In addition, the combination of low concentrations of BDNF and Fractalkine\/CX3CL1 was highly specific for pSS (specificity 96.2%; positive predictive value 80%) compared to RA and SLE, as well as the combination of high concentrations of I-TAC\/CXCL11 and low concentrations of sCD163 (specificity 98.1%; positive predictive value 75%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study highlights biomarkers potentially involved in pSS, RA, and SLE pathophysiology that could be useful for developing a pSS-specific diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.631539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T16:15:25Z","timestamp":1614096925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identification of a Novel Serum Proteomic Signature for Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s 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