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Surgical pathology showed a partial response to immunochemotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to characterize the infiltrating immune cell atlas after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy; the most common infiltrating immune cell types were cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and macrophages. Imaging mass cytometry revealed a transformation from cold to hot tumor after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. In this case study, we are the first to report a case of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy pseudoprogression, proved by surgical pathology, single-cell RNA sequencing, and imaging mass cytometry. Both single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging mass cytometry revealed an activated immune microenvironment after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.633534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1613803782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Case Report: Transformation From Cold to Hot Tumor in a Case of NSCLC Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy 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